Protopsalis

Protopsalis; Vremenski raspon: 50.5–49.2 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ rani eocen
	ilustracija fosilni ostataka vrste; Protopsalis tigrinus
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Mammalia
Red:	†Oxyaenodonta
Porodica:	†Oxyaenidae
Potporodica:	†Oxyaeninae
Rod:	†Protopsalis; Cope, 1880
Tipska vrsta
	†Protopsalis tigrinus; Cope, 1880
Vrste
	†Protopsalis tigrinus;
Sinonimi
	sinonimi roda: Protopalsis (Osborn, 1900) ; sinonimi vrste: P. tigrinus: Patriofelis tigrina (Cope, 1880) ; Patriofelis tigrinus (Matthew, 1899) ; ;

Protopsalis (Protopsalis — „prve makaze”) je izumrli rod placentalnih sisara, iz izumrle potporodice Oxyaeninae unutar izumrle porodice Oxyaenidae, koji je u periodu ranog eocena nastanjivao područje Sjeverne Amerike.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Etimologija naziva

Rod:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
Protopsalis	starogrčke riječi protos (stgrč. πρῶτος), koja znači prvi i starogrčke riječi psalis (stgrč. ψαλίς), koja znači makaze	prve makaze^[6]

Vrsta:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
P. tigrinus	roda Protopsalis i latinske riječi tigrinus (lat. tigrinus), koja znači kao tigar	tigroliki Protopsalis

Sistematika

Klasifikacija

Rod: †*Protopsalis* (Cope, 1880)
Vrsta:	Rasprostranjenost fosila i lokacija:	Vremenski raspon:
†P. tigrinus (Cope, 1880)^[7]	SAD (Vajoming)	50,5 do 49,2 mil. god.

Filogenija

Dolje prikazan kladogram predstavlja filogenetske veze roda Protopsalis.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Pan-Carnivora

†Hyaenodonta

	†Altacreodus

	†Tinerhodon

?

†Simidectidae

?

†Wyolestidae

†Hyaenodonta (sensu stricto)

sensu lato

Carnivoramorpha

†Oxyaenodonta

†Oxyaenidae

†Tytthaeninae

	†Machaeroidinae

	†Palaeonictinae

†Oxyaeninae

†Dipsalidictis aequidens

†Dipsalidictis krausei

†Dipsalidictis platypus

†Dipsalidictis transiens

?	†Argillotherium

	†Oxyaena

†Malfelis

†Sarkastodon

	†Patriofelis

†Protopsalis	†Protopsalis tigrinus

†Altacreodus/Tinerhodon grupa

†Dipsalidictis

Vremenska rasprostranjenost roda Protopsalis unutar porodice Oxyaenidae

Vidi još

Reference

^ Henry Fairfield Osborn (1900.) "Oxyaena and Pafriofelis restudied as terrestrial creodonts." Bull. Amer. Mu. Nat. Hist. 13: 269-279. figs. 1-8 + pl. 18, 19.
^ William Diller Matthew (1899.) "A provisional classification of the fresh-water Tertiary of the West." Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 12: 19-75.
^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ G. F. Gunnell (1998.) "Creodonta". In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals", Cambridge University Press, 703 pages ISBN 9780521355193
^ R. K. Stucky and T. G. Hardy (2007.) "A new large, hypercarnivorous oxyaenid (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the middle Eocene of the Wind River Formation, Natrona County, Wyoming." Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 39:57-65
^ Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals (na jeziku: engleski). U.S. Government Printing Office.
^ Cope, Edward D. (1880). „The Bad Lands of the Wind River and their Fauna”. The American Naturalist. 14 (10): 745—748. JSTOR 2449738. doi:10.1086/272667.
^ Gunnel, Gregg F.; Gingerich, Philip D. (30. 9. 1991). „Systematics and evolution of late Paleocene and early Eocene Oxyaenidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming” (PDF). Contributions From the Museum of Paleontology. The University of Michigan. 28 (7): 141—180. Pristupljeno 3. 1. 2010.
^ Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017.) "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.
^ Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018.) "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies", Springer Geology. Springer, Cham.

Literatura

W. B. Scott (1888.) "On some new and little know creodonts." Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9:155-185
W. B. Scott (1892.) "A revision of the North American Creodonta with notes on some genera which have been referred to that group." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 44:291-323
J. L. Wortman (1894.) "Osteology of Patriofelis, a Middle Eocene creodont." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 6(5)
O. P. Hay (1902.) "Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America." Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179:1-868
W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915.) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103
R. H. Denison (1938.) "The broad-skulled Pseudocreodi." Arhivirano na veb-sajtu Wayback Machine (14. februar 2022) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 37:163-256
C. L. Gazin (1957.) "A skull of the Bridger Middle Eocene creodont, Patriofelis ulta Leidy." Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134(8):1-20
L. Van Valen (1967.) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284
D. A. Guthrie (1971.) "The Mammalian Fauna of the Lost Cabin Member, Wind River Formation (lower Eocene) of Wyoming." Annals of Carnegie Museum 43(4):47-113

[1] Henry Fairfield Osborn (1900.) "Oxyaena and Pafriofelis restudied as terrestrial creodonts." Bull. Amer. Mu. Nat. Hist. 13: 269-279. figs. 1-8 + pl. 18, 19.

[2] William Diller Matthew (1899.) "A provisional classification of the fresh-water Tertiary of the West." Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 12: 19-75.

[McKenna_&_Bell-3] McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[Gunnell1998-4] G. F. Gunnell (1998.) "Creodonta". In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals", Cambridge University Press, 703 pages ISBN 9780521355193

[5] R. K. Stucky and T. G. Hardy (2007.) "A new large, hypercarnivorous oxyaenid (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the middle Eocene of the Wind River Formation, Natrona County, Wyoming." Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 39:57-65

[6] Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals (na jeziku: engleski). U.S. Government Printing Office.

[7] Cope, Edward D. (1880). „The Bad Lands of the Wind River and their Fauna”. The American Naturalist. 14 (10): 745—748. JSTOR 2449738. doi:10.1086/272667.

[Gunnel1991-8] Gunnel, Gregg F.; Gingerich, Philip D. (30. 9. 1991). „Systematics and evolution of late Paleocene and early Eocene Oxyaenidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming” (PDF). Contributions From the Museum of Paleontology. The University of Michigan. 28 (7): 141—180. Pristupljeno 3. 1. 2010.

[9] Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017.) "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.

[10] Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018.) "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies", Springer Geology. Springer, Cham.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]