Džin (natprirodno biće)
Prema Kuranu, džin (ili đin, arap. جن, jinn) je stvorenje slobodne volje koje je Alah stvorio od bezdimne vatre, kao što je ljude stvorio od gline.[1] Džinovi, kao i ljudi, imaju svoje društvo i žive u zajednici. Za ljudsko oko oni su nevidljivi, mada oni normalno vide ljude. Za razliku od islamskih anđela, koji ne mogu da rade protiv Alaha i prinuđeni su da uvek rade dobre stvari, džinovi imaju slobodnu volju i mogu da budu dobri ili zli. Uloga zlih džinova se poklapa sa ulogom demona[2][3] u hrišćanskoj veri, gde oni mogu opsednuti ljude i potčiniti ih svojoj volji. Da zavedu ljude džinovi često preuzmu drugačiji oblik bilo zli ili dobri (npr. životinje, rastinja - grmova ili čoveka). Džinovi mogu da opsednu čoveka (tada čovek postaje lud - arapski: madžnun). U islamu je jevrejski kralj Solomon poznat po tome što je savladao džinove i sebi ih podredio. Oni mogu da prihvate religiju, i nikad se ne suprostavljaju Bogu, ali uvek ga posmatraju (kao anđeli). Uglavnom su čoveku ljubazni i takmiče sa njim za Božju ljubav. Opisani su u knjizi Hiljadu i jedna noć. Pretpostavlja se da je izvor džinova iz starodavnih Kananskih verskih šega.
Predislamsko doba
[uredi | uredi izvor]Tačno poreklo verovanja u džinove nije sasvim jasno.[5] Neki naučnici sa Bliskog istoka smatraju da su nastali kao zlonamerni duhovi nastanjeni u pustinjama i nečistim mestima, koji su često uzimali oblike životinja;[5] drugi smatraju da su to izvorno paganska prirodna božanstva koja su postepeno postala marginalizovana jer su druga božanstva uzimala veći značaj.[5] Ipak, mnogi Arapi su u predislamsko doba obožavali džinove,[6] mada se za razliku od bogova džinovi nisu smatrali besmrtnima.
Iako ih smrtnost svrstava niže od bogova, čini se da je potovanje džinova imalo veći značaj u svakodnevnom životu predislamskih Arapa od samih bogova. Prema uobičajenom arapskom verovanju, gatare, predislamske filozofe i pesnike su inspirisali džinovi.[6][5] Njihova kultura i društvo bili su analogni toj predislamskoj arapskoj kulturi, sa plemenskim vođama, koji su štitili svoje saveznike i osvećivali ubistva za bilo kog člana njihovog plemena ili saveznika. Mada džinske moći nadmašuju ljudske, moguće je da bi čovek mogao ubiti džina u pojedinačnoj borbi. Smatralo se njin može poprimiti različite oblike, ali je najviše straha ulivao njegov nevidljivi oblik, jer bi tada mogao napasti, bez a bude primećen.[7] Strah od džinova je takođe postojao, jer se smatralo da su oni odgovorni za razne bolesti, uključujući mentalne bolesti.[6][5] Julius Velhausen je uočio da se smatralo da takvi duhovi nastanjuju pusta, prljava i mračna mesta, i da ulivaju strah.[8] Postojala je potreba da se osoba se od njih zaštiti, međutim oni nisu bili oličenje pravog kulta.[8]
Neki učenjaci tvrde da je anđele i đavole poslao prorok Muhamed u Arabiju i da nisu postojali među džinivima. S druge strane, Amira el-Zejn[6] tvrdi da su anđeli bili poznati paganskim Arapima, ali da je izraz džin korišten za sve vrste natprirodnih entiteta među različitim religijama i kultovima; tako su zoroastrijski, hrišćanski i jevrejski anđeli i đavoli povezani sa 'džinovima'.[6] Al-Džahiz pripisuje predislamskim Arapima verovanje da društvo džinova sačinjava nekoliko plemena i grupa, te da su im pripisivani neki prirodni događaji, poput oluja. Takođe su smatralo da džinovi mogu zaštite, oženite, kidnapuju, poseduju i ubijaju ljude.[9]
Vidi još
[uredi | uredi izvor]Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ Abu l-Lait as-Samarqandi's Commentary on Abu Hanifa al-Fiqh al-absat Introduction, Text and Commentary by Hans Daiber Islamic concept of belief in the 4th/10th century Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa p. 243
- ^ „jinn – Definition of jinn in English by Oxford Dictionaries”. Oxford Dictionaries – English. Arhivirano iz originala 03. 04. 2019. g. Pristupljeno 08. 09. 2021.
- ^ Nünlist, Tobias (2015). Dämonenglaube im Islam [Demonic Belief in Islam]. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-110-33168-4.
- ^ Fee, C.R.; Webb, Jeffrey B. (29. 8. 2016). American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An encyclopedia of American folklore. ABC-CLIO. str. 527. ISBN 978-1-610-69568-8.
- ^ a b v g d Lebling, Robert (2010). Legends of the Fire Spirits: Jinn and Genies from Arabia to Zanzibar. New York, NY & London, UK: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-063-3.
- ^ a b v g d el-Zein, Amira (2009). Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-5070-6.
- ^ Abd-Allah, Umar F. (2002) “The Perceptible and the Unseen: The Qur’anic Conception of Man's Relationship to God and Realities Beyond Human Perception,” [in] Spencer J. Palmer [ed.] Mormons and Muslims: Spiritual foundations and modern manifestations, pp. 209–264. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University, Religious Studies Center.
- ^ a b Zeitlin, Irving M. (19. 3. 2007). The Historical Muhammad. Polity. str. 59—60. ISBN 978-0-7456-3999-4.
- ^ „cin”. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi.
Literatura
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- Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. Maḥmūd (1966) Ajāyeb al-makhlūqāt va gharā’eb al-mawjūdāt, ed. M. Sotūda, Tehran.
- Asad, Muhammad (1980). „Appendix III: On the term and concept of jinn”. The Message of the Qu'rán. Gibraltar, Spain: Dar al-Andalus Limited. ISBN 1-904510-00-0.[mrtva veza]
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|year= / |date= mismatch
(pomoć) - Zbinden, E (1953). Die Djinn des Islam und der altorientalische Geisterglaube. Bern: Haupt.
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- „Black Stone of Mecca | Islam”. Encyclopedia Britannica (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2018-09-15.</ref><ref>Elsebeth, Thompson (1980). „New Light on the Origin of the Holy Black Stone of the Ka'ba”. Meteoritics. 15 (1): 87—91. Bibcode:1980Metic..15...87T. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1980.tb00176.x.
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Spoljašnje veze
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Etymology of genie
- „Bridging Cultures Bookshelf: Muslim Journeys”. bridgingcultures.neh.gov (na jeziku: engleski). Arhivirano iz originala 10. 10. 2018. g. Pristupljeno 2018-09-15.<
- „Hajj - Oxford Islamic Studies Online”. www.oxfordislamicstudies.com (na jeziku: engleski). Arhivirano iz originala 01. 10. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 2018-09-15.
- „qibla | Art History Glossary”. blog.stephens.edu (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2018-09-15.