Avari

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Avarski ratnik

Avari (panonski ili karpatski Avari, Obri), turkijski su narod, koji je vladao Panonskom nizijom između 6. i 9. veka.

Istorija

Prvobitni Avari bili su konjički narod turkijskog i hunskog porekla iz srednje Azije. Vodili su nomadski način života i pritom se bavili stočarstvom. U 6. veku (566. godine) se jedan deo Avara naseljava u istočnoj Evropi, gde osniva Avarski kaganat na prostoru Panonske nizije. Panonski Avari bili su samo deo avarskog naroda, čija je glavnina živela u Hazariji na Kavkazu, gde su se pomešali sa kavkaskim starosedeocima. Kada su altajski Turkijci srušili premoć avarskog plemenskog saveza, koji se prostirao na širokom prostoru Azije, avarska plemena su krenula prema zapadu i dospela u prostrano zaleđe Crnog mora. U daljem kretanju Avari su stigli u Panonsku niziju, gde su u savezu sa Langobardima, a uz prećutan pristanak Vizantije, 567. godine uništili državu Gepida. Avari su postali gospodari prostrane Panonske nizije. Avari su obrazovali moćan plemenski savez, u koji je, osim razbijenih Gepida i Prabugara, ušao i deo Slovena, a na njegovom čelu bio je poglavar — kagan. Avari su 582. godine zauzeli Sirmijum (Sremska Mitrovica), a 584. godine Singidunum (Beograd), Viminacijum i Avgustu. Avari su samo pljačkali Balkan, nisu planirali da ostanu tu zauvek. Južni i zapadni Sloveni su se iz Panonske Nizije povlačili na teritoriju Samovog Carstva gde im je Car Samo pomagao da se brane od Avara. Pokušaj Vizantije da spreči dalja avarska osvajanja ispoljio se desetogodišnjim ratom (od 592. do 602. godine), koji je završen porazom Vizantije. Posle tog događaja kada su popustile granice Vizantije na Dunavu dolazi do prave invazije Slovena na Balkansko poluostrvo.

Avarsku državu u Panonskoj niziji su krajem 8. veka uništili Franci u vreme vladanja Karla Velikog (768—814).

Vidi još

• Avarski jezik (panonskoavarski ili karpatskoavarski jezik)
• Avarski kaganat
• Franačko-avarski ratovi

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Arheologija Avara u Srbiji, doktorska disertacija (2014)
• "The largest Cemetery from the Avar period in the Carpathian Basin"