Benue
| Benue ili Benoue | |
|---|---|
 Reka Benue | |
 | |
| Opšte informacije | |
| Dužina | 1.400 km (870 mi) km |
| Pr. protok | 3,477 m3/s (122,8 cu ft/s)[1] m3⁄s |
| Sliv | 319,000 km2 (123,167 sq mi).[1] |
| Vodotok | |
| Ušće | Reka Niger |
| Koor. ušća | 07° 45′ 12″ N 06° 45′ 24″ E / 7.75333° S; 6.75667° I |
| Geografske karakteristike | |
| Država/e | |
| Reka na Vikimedijinoj ostavi | |
Benue ili Benoue je reka u Nigeriji i Kamerunu u zapadnoj Africi.[6]
Izvire u severnom Kamerunu kao Bakou i teče na zapad kroz istočnu i centralnu Nigeriju kao Banoue. Reka je dugačka 1.400 km.[6] Najveća je leva pritoka reke Niger. U kišnom periodu plovna je do grada Garua 900 km od ušća i preko nje se odvija značajan deo trgovine.
Geografija
[uredi | uredi izvor]Benue ivzire na visoravni Adamava u severnom Kamerunu,[7][8][9][10] odakle teče na zapad, i kroz grad Garua i rezervoar Lagdo, u Nigeriju južno od planina Mandara, i kroz Jimetu, Ibi i Makurdi pre susreta sa rekom Niger kod Lokoje.
Velike pritoke su reka Faro, Gongola i Majo Kebi, koja je povezuje sa rekom Logone (deo sistema jezera Čad[11]) tokom poplava. Ostale pritoke su reka Taraba i reka Kacina Ala.
Na mestu ušća, Benue premašuje Niger po zapremini. Srednji protok pre 1960. bio je 3,477 m3/s (122,8 cu ft/s)[1] za Benue i 2,863 m3/s (101,1 cu ft/s) za Niger.[1] Tokom narednih decenija, oticanje obe reke je značajno smanjeno usled navodnjavanja.
Reka Benue je poplavila u oktobru 2012, što je rezultiralo velikim porastom populacije zmija otrovnica u okrugu Duguri, oblast lokalne uprave Alkaleri, država Bauči. Izveštaj iz jula 2013. pokazao je da je preko 200 ljudi u okrugu umrlo od ujeda zmije. Opšta bolnica u Kaltungu, država Gombe u Nigeriji, je najbliža lokacija za lečenje ujeda zmije; „Ko ima sreće da stigne u Kaltungo, leči se za samo dva dana i onda se vraća kući.“[12]
-
Benoue kolibe -
Pogled na Benou sa drona -
Prelazak reke Benue iz Lagdoa sa kanuom
Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ a b v g „AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING: An Introduction to Agricultural Engineering”.
- ^ „Jimeta Yola”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Pristupljeno 2006-12-31.
- ^ „Jimeta, Yola Nigeria”. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. Pristupljeno 2006-12-31.
- ^ „Yola Airport profile”. Aviation Safety Network. Pristupljeno 12. 4. 2015.
- ^ Onu, Justice I (jul 2005). „Report of Social Capital Household Survey Pilot in Adamawa State, Nigeria” (PDF). World Bank. Pristupljeno 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b Mišić, Milan, ur. (2005). Enciklopedija Britanika. A-B. Beograd: Narodna knjiga : Politika. str. 130. ISBN 86-331-2075-5.
- ^ „Encyclopædia Britannica - Adamawa Plateau”. Arhivirano iz originala 15. 10. 2007. g. Pristupljeno 15. 9. 2007.
- ^ „MSN Encarta - Adamawa Plateau”. Arhivirano iz originala 2009-11-02. g. Pristupljeno 15. 9. 2007.
- ^ Joger, U.; Tandy, M.; Amiet, J.-L. (2004). „Amietophrynus djohongensis”. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2004: e.T54630A11178521. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54630A11178521.en.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). „Amietophrynus djohongensis (Hulselmans, 1977)”. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2015.
- ^ „Remnants of Chad Lake, Chad, February 2015 | GRID-Arendal”. www.grida.no. Pristupljeno 2021-06-14.
- ^ Agbo, Catherine (2013-07-22). „Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi”. allAfrica.com. Pristupljeno 2014-05-11.
Literatura
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Proudlove, G. (2006). Subterranean fishes of the world. ISBN 978-2-9527084-0-1.
- Winemiller, K. O.; A.A. Agostinho; É.P. Caramaschi (2008). „Fish Ecology in Tropical Streams”. Ur.: Dudgeon, D. Tropical Stream Ecology. Academic Press. str. 107–146. ISBN 978-0-12-088449-0.
- Thieme, Michele L.; Abell, Robin; Burgess, Neil (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Bernhard Lehner, Eric Dinerstein, David Olson. Island Press. str. 297. ISBN 978-1-59726-791-5.
- Stanley, Henry M. (1988). Through the Dark Continent. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-25667-2.
- Jeal, Tim (1973). Livingstone. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. str. 331—335.
- Beadle, Leonard C. (1981). The inland waters of tropical Africa: an introduction to tropical limnology. Longman. str. 475. ISBN 978-0-582-46341-7. Pristupljeno 2. 4. 2011.
- Bossche, J.P. vanden; Bernacsek, G. M. (1990). Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. str. 338—339. ISBN 978-92-5-102983-1.
- Mala enciklopedija Prosveta - Opšta enciklopedija (A-M). Beograd: Izdavačko preduzeće „Prosveta“. 1959.
- Forbath, Peter (1979). The River Congo: The Discovery, Exploration and Exploitation of the World's Most Dramatic River. New York: E. P. Dutton. ISBN 978-0-525-47573-6.
- „Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River”. 2009.
- „Velocity Mapping in the Lower Congo River: A First Look at the Unique Bathymetry and Hydrodynamics of Bulu Reach, West Central Africa”. 2009.
- „Multi-threaded Congo River channel hydraulics: Field-based characterisation and representation in hydrodynamic models” (PDF). 2020.
- Oberg, Kevin (jul 2008). „Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River, July 2008” (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. Arhivirano (PDF) iz originala 2011-10-15. g. Pristupljeno 2012-03-14.
- Bossche, J.P. vanden; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. str. 338—339. ISBN 978-92-5-102983-1. Arhivirano iz originala 2016-04-25. g. Pristupljeno 2015-12-27.
- Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). „Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7)”. Journal of Hydrology. 577: 123968. S2CID 199099061. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968.
- „Monster Fish of the Congo”. National Geographic Channel. 2009. Arhivirano iz originala 2010-12-06. g.
- The Congo River Arhivirano 2017-10-20 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- C.J. Warrington (maj 1972). „M'Bwa na Basenji” (PDF). The Basenji. Pristupljeno 2012-02-02.
- Blaes, X. (oktobar 2008). „Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo” (PDF). UNOCHA and PNUD. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2016-08-18. g. Pristupljeno 2011-11-22.
- Munene, José Justin Mbimbi Mayi; Stiassny, Melanie L. J. (2011). „Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo”. Check List. 7 (5): 691. doi:10.15560/7.5.691
. Arhivirano iz originala 2016-03-04. g. Pristupljeno 2012-02-02. - Bethwell A. Ogot (jul 1992). Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. UNESCO. str. 580, 601, 605. ISBN 978-92-3-101711-7. Pristupljeno 24. 1. 2011.
- „Angola”. History.com. Arhivirano iz originala 8. 3. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 25. 1. 2011.
- Brownlie, Ian; Burns, Ian R. (1979). African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia. C. Hurst. str. 492. ISBN 978-0-903983-87-7. Pristupljeno 25. 1. 2011.
- James, W. Martin; Broadhead, Susan Herlin (2004). Historical dictionary of Angola
. Scarecrow Press. str. 41–. ISBN 978-0-8108-4940-2. Pristupljeno 25. 1. 2011. - Fish, Bruce; Fish, Becky Durost (maj 2001). The Congo. Infobase Publishing. str. 14. ISBN 978-0-7910-6198-5. Pristupljeno 25. 1. 2011.
- Heintze, Beatrix (2008). Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history. Verlag Otto Lembeck. str. 85. ISBN 978-3-87476-553-4. Pristupljeno 25. 1. 2011.
- „De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding”. Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals. str. 37—39. Pristupljeno 24. 1. 2011.
- „Technical Review Of Diamond Concessions On The Cuango River, Northern Angola” (PDF). A C A Howe International Limited. 2003. str. 8.
- „Alphabetical Locality Index - T”. mindat.org. „Tazua Mine, Luzamba, Cuango City Council, Lunda Norte Province, Angola”
- {{cite book|last=Livingstone|first=David |author-link=David Livingstone|editor=Horace Waller|title=The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death: Continued by a Narrative of His Last Moments and Sufferings, Obtained from His Faithful Servants Chuma and Susi ; in Two Volumes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S_dgAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA141%7Cvolume=2%7Cyear=1874%7Cpublisher=J. Murray|page=141}
- Hall, Richard (1975). Stanley: An Adventurer Explored. Houghton Mifflin. str. 33. ISBN 9780395194263.
- Braun, David (februar 2010). „Lake Chad to be fully protected as international wetlands”. National Geographic. Arhivirano iz originala 7. 2. 2010. g.
- Chapman, Graham; Baker, Kathleen M. (1992). The changing geography of Africa and the Middle East. Routledge.
- CNN (18. 6. 2007). „Climate change and diminishing desert resources”. Pristupljeno 13. 3. 2009.
- Coe, Michael T.; Foley, Jonathan A. (2001). „Human and natural impacts on the water resources of the Lake Chad basin”. Journal of Geophysical Research. 106 (D4): 3349—3356. Bibcode:2001JGR...106.3349C. doi:10.1029/2000JD900587 .
- Drake, Nick; Bristow, Charlie (2006). „Shorelines in the Sahara: geomorphological evidence for an enhanced monsoon from palaeolake Megachad” (PDF). The Holocene. 16 (6): 901—911. Bibcode:2006Holoc..16..901D. S2CID 128565786. doi:10.1191/0959683606hol981rr.
- Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. Funk & Wagnalls, Inc. 1973.
- Hassan, Tina (2012). „Nigeria: Helping to Save Lake Chad”. All Africa.
- Hogan, C. Michael (2009). Stromberg, N., ur. „Painted Hunting Dog: Lycaon pictus”. GlobalTwitcher.com. Arhivirano iz originala 9. 12. 2010. g.
- Hughes, R. H.; Hughes, J. S. (1992). A Directory of African Wetlands. IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-949-5.
- Nelson, J. S. (2006). Fishes of the World (4th izd.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9.
- Odada, Eric O.; Oyebande, Lekan; Oguntola, Johnson A. (2005). „Lake Chad: Experiences and Lessons Learned Brief” (PDF). Managing lakes and their Basins for Sustainable Use. International Lake Environment Committee (ILEC) Foundation. Pristupljeno 2008-02-15.
- Pearce, Fred (1991-03-23). „Africa at a watershed (Ubangi – Lake Chad Inter-basin transfer)”. New Scientist (1761).
- Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). „National Geographic's Strange Days on Planet Earth: Glossary”. PBS. Pristupljeno 2009-10-02.
- Room, Adrian (1994). African Placenames. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0-89950-943-3.
- Stewart, Robert (28. 7. 2009). „Dustiest places on Earth—dead and dying seas”. Environmental Science in the 21st Century. A New Online Environmental Science Book for College Students. Arhivirano iz originala 30. 4. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 18. 8. 2011.
- Umolu, Jerome C. (1990). „Macro Perspectives for Nigeria's Water Resources Planning”. Proceedings of the First Biennial National Hydrology Symposium, Maiduguri, Nigeria: 218—262.
- Umolu, Jerome C. (1994). „Combating Climate Induced Water And Energy Deficiencies in West Central Africa: hydro/energy interconnections”. Arhivirano iz originala 26. 5. 2011. g.
- „Atlas of Our Changing Environment”. United Nations Environment Programme. 2007.
- „African Leaders Team Up to Rescue Lake Chad”. Voice of America. 2008-03-28. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 23. 6. 2012.
- „Experts Look For Ways to Save Lake Chad”. Voice of America. 2009-11-11. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 23. 6. 2012.
- „Vanishing Lake Chad—a water crisis in central Africa”. WaterNews. 24. 6. 2008. Arhivirano iz originala 2. 5. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 26. 12. 2018.
- „Lake Chad”. World Lakes Database. International Lake Environment Committee (ILEC). 1983. Arhivirano iz originala 6. 2. 2010. g.
Spoljašnje veze
[uredi | uredi izvor]
- Chisholm, Hugh, ur. (1911). „Benue”. Encyclopædia Britannica (na jeziku: engleski). 3 (11 izd.). Cambridge University Press. str. 754.
| Međunarodne | |
|---|---|
| Državne | |
| Ostale | |
