Velikomoravska kneževina
Velikomoravska kneževina Velika Moravska | |||
---|---|---|---|
Velikomoravska kneževina na vrhuncu svoje moći pod Svatoplukom I | |||
Geografija | |||
Kontinent | Evropa | ||
Regija | srednja Evropa | ||
Prestonica | Veligrad — Mikulčice (?) | ||
Društvo | |||
Službeni jezik | slovenski jezici | ||
Religija | paganizam, hrišćanstvo | ||
Politika | |||
Oblik države | kneževina | ||
— Knez | Mojmir I | ||
Istorija | |||
Istorijsko doba | srednji vek | ||
— Osnivanje | 833. | ||
— Ukidanje | 906/907. | ||
Zemlje prethodnice i naslednice | |||
Prethodnice: | Naslednice: | ||
Velikomoravska kneževina (lat. Regnum Marahensium, grč. Μεγάλη Μοραβία [Megálī Moravía]), Velikomoravsko carstvo,[1] Velika Moravska ili samo Moravska,[2][3][4] je zapadnoslovenska kneževina koja je nastala 833. godine ujedinjenjem:[5]
- Moravske kneževine
- Njitranske kneževine koje je obavio Mojmir I (830–846). Na poziv njegovog naslednika Rastislava (846–870), a kasnije vizantijski car Mihajlo III (842–867) šalje 863. godine Ćirila i Metodija da šire hrišćanstvo i pismenost među tamošnjim Slovenima, u periodu kada nastaje i glagoljica. Svoj vrhunac kneževina je dostigla za vladavine Svatopluka I (871–894), a nestala je početkom 10. veka u naletu Mađara, posle čega su njene delove zauzele Mađarska, Češka, Poljska i Sveto rimsko carstvo.
Ova kneževina je predpostavlja se, zauzimala prostore istočne Češke i delove Slovačke uz reku Moravu odakle potiče i ime kneževine. Ova prva zapadnoslovenska država nastala je ujedinjenjem slovenskih plemena koja su živela severno od Dunava.
Spisak vladara
[uredi | uredi izvor]Teorija o lokaciji
[uredi | uredi izvor]Prema teoriji Petera Pišpeki Nađa, centralno područje Velike Moravske nalazilo se na teritoriji današnje Srbije, a sama Velika Moravska nastala je ujedinjenjem slovenskih plemena — Bodrića i Slovena nastanjenih uz Moravu i Timok, koji su se u 9. veku otcepili od Bugarske i stavili se pod zaštitu Franačkog carstva.[6]
Vidi još
[uredi | uredi izvor]-
Moravska kneževina u vreme Mojmira I
-
Slovenske države i širenje Moravske kneževine tokom IX veka
-
Položaj Velike Moravske na području današnje Srbije, prema teoriji Petera Pišpeki Nađa
Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ Bartl et al. 2002, str. 237.
- ^ Bowlus 1994, str. 1.
- ^ Barford 2001, str. 108–112.
- ^ Curta 2006, str. 124–133.
- ^ Drulák 2012, str. 91.
- ^ Peter Pišpeki Nađ, O položaju Velike Moravske, časopis EX PANONIA, Istorijski arhiv Subotica, Subotica, 2000.
Literatura
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Bowlus, Charles R. (1995). Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788-907. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Ostrogorski, Georgije (1969). Istorija Vizantije. Beograd: Prosveta.
- Ostrogorski, Georgije (1970). Vizantija i Sloveni. Beograd: Prosveta.
- Rokai, Peter (2002). „Istorija Mađara od najstarijih vremena do Mohačke bitke 1526. godine”. Istorija Mađara. Beograd: Clio. str. 7—183.
- Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
Primarni izvori
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio (Greek text edited by Gyula Moravcsik, English translation by Romillyi J. H. Jenkins) Dumbarton Oaks Centre for Byzantine Studies. 1967. ISBN 978-0-88402-021-9..
- "King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius" (1852). In Giles, J. A. The Whole Works of King Alfred the Great, with Preliminary Essays Illustrative of the History, Arts, and Manners, of the Ninth Century, Volume 2 (Jubilee Edition, 3 vols). J.F. Smith for the Alfred Committee.
- "Liudprand of Cremona: Retribution" In: The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona (Translated by Paolo Squatriti); The Catholic University of Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-8132-1506-8..
- The Annals of Fulda (Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II) (Translated and annotated by Timothy Reuter) Manchaster University Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0-7190-3458-9..
- The Annals of St-Bertin (Ninth-Century Histories, Volume I) (Translated and annotated by Janet L. Nelson) Manchester University Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-7190-3426-8..
- The. Chronicle of Regino of Prüm. In: History and Politics in Late Carolingian and Ottonian Europe: The Chronicle of Regino of Prüm and Adalbert of Magdeburg (Translated and annotated by Simon MacLean); Manchester University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-7190-7135-5..
- "The Life of Constantine" In Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes (Marvin Kantor) [Michigan Slavic Translation 5]. University of Michigan. 1983. ISBN 978-0-930042-44-8. str. 23–96..
- "The Life of Methodius" In Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes (Marvin Kantor) [Michigan Slavic Translation 5]. University of Michigan. 1983. ISBN 978-0-930042-44-8. str. 97–138..
- "The Royal Frankish Annals" In Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories (Translated by Bernhard Walter Scholz with Barbara Rogers) The University of Michigan Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-472-06186-0. стр. 35–126..
Primary documents can be found in the following volumes:
- Havlík, Lubomír E. (1966–1977). Magnae Moraviae Fontes Historici I.-V., Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
- Marsina, Richard (1971). Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Slovaciae I. Bratislava: Veda.
- Ratkoš, Peter (1964). Pramene k dejinám Veľkej Moravy. Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied.
Секундарни извори
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Angi, János (1997). „A nyugati szláv államok [=Western Slavic states]”. Ур.: Pósán, László; Papp, Imre; Bárány, Attila; Orosz, István; Angi, János. Európa a korai középkorban ["Europe in the Early Middle Ages"]. Multiplex Media - Debrecen University Press. стр. 358—365. ISBN 978-963-04-9196-9.
- Barford, P. M. (2001). The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3977-3.
- Bartl, Július; Čičaj, Viliam; Kohútova, Mária; Letz, Róbert; Segeš, Vladimír; Škvarna, Dušan (2002). Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Slovenské Pedegogické Nakladatel'stvo. ISBN 978-0-86516-444-4.
- Berend, Nora; Urbanczyk, Przemyslaw; Wiszewski, Przemyslaw (2013). Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521781565.
- Betti, Maddalena (2013). The Making of Christian Moravia (858—882): Papal Power and Political Reality. Brill. стр. 27—34. ISBN 978-9-004-26008-5.
- Boba, Imre (1971). Moravia's History Reconsidered: A Reinterpretation of Medieval Sources. Martinus Nijhoff. ISBN 978-90-247-5041-2.
- Botek, Andrej (2014). Veľkomoravské kostoly na Slovensku [The Great Moravian Churches in Slovakia] (на језику: Slovak). Bratislava: Post Scriptum. ISBN 978-80-89567-37-9. Текст „a ” игнорисан (помоћ)
- Botek, Andrej (2014). „Veľkomoravská bazilika na Bratislavskom hrade” [The Greatmoravian Basilica on the Bratislava castle] (PDF). Verbum Historiae (на језику: Slovak) (1). Текст „b ” игнорисан (помоћ)
- Bowlus, Charles R. (1994). Franks, Moravians and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788–907. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-3276-9.
- Bowlus, Charles R. (2009). „Nitra: when did it become a part of the Moravian realm? Evidence in the Frankish sources”. Early Medieval Europe. 17 (3): 311—328. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0254.2009.00279.x.
- Čaplovič, Dušan (1998). Včasnostredoveké osídlenie Slovenska [Early Medieval settlement of Slovakia]. Bratislava: Electronic Academic Press. ISBN 978-80-88880-19-6.
- Champion, Tim (1995). Centre and Periphery: Comparative Studies in Archaeology. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-98515-1.
- Collins, Roger (2010). Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-113-7014-28-3.
- Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89452-4.
- Dekan, Ján (1981). Moravia Magna: The Great Moravian Empire, Its Art and Time. Control Data Arts. ISBN 978-0-89893-084-9.
- Drulák, Petr (2012). „Czech geopolitics: struggling for survival”. Ур.: Guzzini, Stefano. The Return of Geopolitics in Europe? - Social Mechanisms and Foreign Policy Identity Crises. Cambridge University Press. стр. 77—100. ISBN 978-1-107-02734-3.
- Galuška, Luděk (1991). Great Moravia. Brno: Moravian Museum. ISBN 978-80-7028-023-2.
- Goldberg, Eric J. (2006). Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817–876. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-7529-0.
- Havlík, Lubomír E. (2013). Kronika o Velké Moravě [=Chronicle of Great Moravia]. Jota. ISBN 978-80-85617-04-7.
- Havlík, Lubomír E. (1994). Svatopluk Veliký, král Moravanů a Slovanů [Svatopluk the Great, King of the Moravians and Slavs]. Jota. ISBN 978-80-85617-19-1.
- Havlík, Lubomír E. (2004). „Great Moravia between the Franconians, Byzantium and Rome”. Ур.: Champion, T. C. Centre and Periphery: Comparative Studies in Archaeology. Routledge. стр. 227—237. ISBN 978-0-415-12253-5.
- Hosszú, Gábor (2012). Heritage of Scribes: The Relation of Rovas Scripts to Eurasian Writing Systems. Dr Gábor Hosszú. стр. 317. ISBN 9789638843746.
- Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. (2005). A History of Slovakia: The Struggle for Survival. Palgarve Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-40396929-3.
- Kristó, Gyula (1996). Hungarian History in the Ninth Century. Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. ISBN 978-1-4039-6929-3.
- Kučera, Matúš (1974). Slovensko po páde Veľkej Moravy. Bratislava: Veda.
- Lukačka, Ján (2002). Formovanie vyššej šľachty na západnom Slovensku. Bratislava: Mistrál.
- Macháček, Jiří (2009). „Disputes over Great Moravia: chiefdom or state? the Morava or the Tisza River?”. Early Medieval Europe. 17 (3): 248—267. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0254.2009.00276.x. Приступљено 30. 8. 2013.
- Macháček, Jiří (2012). „"Great Moravian state"–a controversy in Central European medieval studies”. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 11 (1): 5—26. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 05. 2021. г. Приступљено 30. 8. 2013.
- McCornick, Michael (2001). Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce, AD 300-900. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66102-7.
- MacLean, Simon (2003). Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139440295.
- Mahoney, William M. (2011). The History of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313363054.
- Marsina, Richard (1997). „Ethnogenesis of Slovaks” (PDF). Human Affairs. 7 (1): 15—23. Приступљено 31. 8. 2013.
- Marsina, Richard (1995). Nové pohľady historickej vedy na Slovenské dejiny. 1. Najstaršie obdobie slovenských dejín (do prelomu 9.-10. storočia) (на језику: Slovak). Bratislava: Metodické centrum mesta Bratislavy. ISBN 978-80-7164-069-1.
- Marsina, Richard (1999). „Najstaršia poloha Veľkej Moravy”. Slovensko a európsky juhovýchod: medzikultúrne vztahy a kontexty (zborník k životnému jubileu Tatiany Štefanovicovej) (на језику: Slovak). Bratislava, SLO: Katedra všeobecných dejín a Katedra archeológie FFUK. ISBN 978-8096739141.
- Marsina, Richard (2000). „Where was Great Moravia”. Ур.: Kováč, Dušan. Slovak Contributions to 19th International Congress of Historical Sciences. Bratislava: VEDA, Vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied. ISBN 978-80-224-0665-9.
- Mazuch, Marian (2012). „K údajné existenci tzv. kruhového pohanského kultovního objektu v podhradí velkomoravského mocenského centra Mikulčice-Valy” [To the Alleged Existence of So-Called Circular Pagan Cultic Feature in the Suburbium of the Great Moravian Center of Power Mikulčice – Valy]. Slavia Antiqua (на језику: Czech). 53 (3). ISSN 0080-9993.
- Meřínský, Zdeněk (2006). České země od příchodu Slovanů po Velkou Moravu II. [The Czech Lands since the arrival of the Slavs to Great Moravia] (на језику: Czech). Prague: Libry. ISBN 978-80-7277-105-9.
- Obolensky, Dimitri (1994). Byzantium and the Slavs. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-008-2.
- Odler, Martin (2012). „Avarské sídliská v strednej Európe: problémová bilancia” [Avar Settlements in Central Europe: the Balance of the Problem]. Ур.: Klápště, Jan. Studia mediaevalia Pragensia 11 (на језику: Slovak). Praha: Univerzita Karlova v Praze – Nakladatelství Karolinum. ISBN 978-80-246-2107-4.
- Petkov, Kiril (2008). The Voices of Medieval Bulgaria, Seventh-Fifteenth Century: The Records of a Bygone Culture. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16831-2.
- Poulík, Josef (1975). Mikulčice: Sídlo a pevnost knížat velkomoravských., Praha.
- Poulík, Josef (1978). „The origins of Christianity in Slavonic countries north of the Middle Danube Basin”. World Archaeology. 10 (2): 158—171. doi:10.1080/00438243.1978.9979728.
- Püspöki-Nagy, Péter (1978). „Nagymorávia fekvéséről [=On the location of Great Moravia]”. Valóság. XXI (11): 60—82.
- Rogers, Clifford, ур. (2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume 3. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-019-5334-03-6.
- Róna-Tas, András (1999). Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History. CEU Press. ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1.
- Ruttkay, Alexander (1997). „O veľkomoravskom vojenstve s osobitným zreteľom na obdobie vlády Svätopluka” [About the Great Moravian Warfare With a Special Attention to the Reign of Svätopluk]. Ур.: Marsina, Richard; Ruttkay, Alexander. Svätopluk 894 - 1994. Nitra. ISBN 978-80-88709-34-3.
- Ruttkay, Matej (2002). „Vývoj osídlenia na strednom Dunaji v 6.–12. stor” [Development of settlement around the Middle Danube in the 6th-12th cent.]. Ур.: Ruttkay, Alexander; Ruttkay, Matej; Šalkovský, Peter. Slovensko vo včasnom stredoveku. Nitra: Archeologický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied. ISBN 978-80-88709-60-2.
- Sedlák, Vincent (2005). „Onomastika a historiografia”. Ур.: Fábrová, Karin. Príspevky k slovenským dejinám. Prešov. стр. 17—28. ISBN 978-80-8068-330-6.
- Senga, Toru (1983). „Morávia bukása és a honfoglaló magyarok [=The fall of Moravia and the Hungarians occupying the Carpathian Basin]”. Századok (2): 307—345.
- Sommer, Petr; Třeštík, Dušan; Žemlička, Josef; Opačić, Zoë (2007). „Bohemia and Moravia”. Ур.: Berend, Nora. Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus', c.900-1200. Cambridge University Press. стр. 214–262. ISBN 978-0-521-87616-2.
- Spiesz, Anton; Caplovic, Dusan (2006). Illustrated Slovak History: A Struggle for Sovereignty in Central Europe. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. ISBN 978-0-86516-426-0.
- Spinei, Victor (2003). The Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century. Translated by Dana Badulescu. ISBN 978-973-85894-5-2.
- Steinhübel, Ján (2011). „The Duchy of Nitra”. Ур.: Teich, Mikuláš; Kováč, Dušan; Brown, Martin D. Slovakia in History. Cambridge University Press. стр. 15–29. ISBN 978-0-521-80253-6.
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- Štefan, Ivo (2011). „Great Moravia, Statehood and Archaeology: The "Decline and Fall" of One Early Medieval Polity”. Ур.: Macháček, Jiří; Ungerman, Šimon. Frühgeschichtliche Zentralorte in Mitteleuropa. Bonn: Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt. стр. 333—354. ISBN 978-3-7749-3730-7. Приступљено 27. 8. 2013.
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- Senga, Toru (1982). „La situation géographique de la Grande-Moravie et les Hongrois conquérants” [The geographical location of Great Moravia and the Hungarian conquerors]. Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas (на језику: French). 30 (4). ISSN 0021-4019.
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- Třeštík, Dušan (2010). Vznik Velké Moravy. Moravané, Čechové a štřední Evropa v letech 791–871 [The Formation of Great Moravia. Moravians, Czechs and Central Europe in the years 791-871]. Nakladatelství lidové noviny. ISBN 978-80-7422-049-4.
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- Zábojník, Jozef (2009). Slovensko a avarský kaganát [Slovakia and the Avar Khaganate] (na jeziku: Slovak). Bratislava: Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Komenského. ISBN 978-80-89236-62-6.
- Benda, Kálmán (editor) (1981). Magyarország történeti kronológiája ("The Historical Chronology of Hungary"). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 978-963-05-2661-6.
- Kniezsa, István (2000). Magyarország népei a XI. században. Lucidus Kiadó. ISBN 978-963-85954-3-0.
- Kristó, Gyula (editor) (1994). Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század) (Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History - 9-14th centuries). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 978-963-05-6722-0.
- Kristó, Gyula (1988). A vármegyék kialakulása Magyarországon ("The formation of counties in Hungary"). Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó. ISBN 978-963-14-1189-8.
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- Tóth, Sándor László (1998). Levediától a Kárpát-medencéig ("From Levedia to the Carpathian Basin"). Szeged: Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. ISBN 978-963-482-175-5.
- Turčan, Valdimír (2003). „Prvá staroslovanská svätyňa na Slovensku” [The first Old Slavonic pagan shrine in Slovakia]. Historia - Revue O Dejnách Spoločnosti (na jeziku: Slovak) (3). ISSN 1335-8316. Arhivirano iz originala 02. 02. 2017. g. Pristupljeno 21. 10. 2015.
Spoljašnje veze
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Great Moravian reenactment and experimental archeology, articles, timeline, primary sources, original findings Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (6. фебруар 2010)
- Articles about Great Moravia and text of many primary sources
- ZÁBORSKÝ, J. Dejiny Veľkej Moravy a počiatky Uhorska Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (8. јануар 2019). Turč. sv. Martin : Matica slovenská, 1929. 16 p. - available at ULB´s Digital Library