Versajski sporazum

Teritorijalni gubici Nemačke usled Versajskog sporazuma

Versajski sporazum (ili Versajski mirovni sistem) je naziv za mirovni ugovor zaključen 28. juna 1919. u Versaju između Antante i Nemačke. Nakon Prvog svetskog rata, održana je Pariska konferencija mira (od 18. januara 1919. do 28. juna 1919. u Parizu) a mirovni ugovori zaključeni su sa svakom pobeđenom državom posebno. Ovo je bio jedan od tih ugovora. Kako su glavne sednice konferencije održavane u palatama Versaja, ustalio se naziv: Versajski sporazum. Glavnu reč na toj konferenciji imali su državnici velikih sila Antante, a zastupano je 27 država iz Antantine koalicije.

Potpisivanje versajskog sporazuma

The Signing of the Peace Treaty of Versailles

Nemačka je u skladu sa ovim ugovorom morala priznati da je isključivi krivac za Prvi svetski rat, pristati da se Alzas i Lorenu vrate Francuskoj, da se u severnom Šlezvigu provede plebiscit, da se neki pogranični gradovi vrate Belgiji, da se u području Sara uspostavi 15-godišnja uprava Lige naroda i nakon toga provede plebiscit o njenoj konačnoj pripadnosti Nemačkoj ili Francuskoj. Nadalje, Nemačka je morala priznati pripajanje poljskih područja novostvorenoj državi Poljskoj i priznati joj preko koridora izlaz na Baltičko more prema luci Gdanjsk. Te konfiskovane teritorije su činile 15% ukupne površine Nemačke teritorije. Nemačke kolonije i nemačka imovina u tim kolonijama pripali su najvećim delom Velikoj Britaniji, a zatim Francuskoj, Japanu, Belgiji, Portugaliji, Južnoafričkoj Uniji i Australiji. Nemačka je od početka 1929. godine morala platiti ratne odštete u iznosu od 5 milijardi dolara, a ostalo, što je trebalo naknadno utvrditi, isplatiti u 30 godina. Osim toga, zbog šteta koje je nanela podmorničkim ratom, Nemačka je morala isporučiti pobedničkim državama gotovu svu svoju trgovačku mornaricu i za te države svake godine proizvoditi utvrđeni broj novih brodova. Nije smela uvoziti ni izvoziti oružje, nije smela imati podmornice, a radi vojske mogla je držati samo 100.000 vojnika u kopnenim i 15.000 vojnika u mornaričkim postrojenjima, dok nije smela imati ratno vazduhoplovstvo ni generalštab. Uz poništenje prijašnjih ugovora, Nemačka je morala priznati novonastale države u Evropi i obvezati se da neće pripojiti Austriju.

Tadašnji ekonomisti, kao na primer Džon Mejnard Kejns, su predvideli da je ovaj sporazum bio preoštar i da su visina odštete bila previsoka i kontraproduktivna. Istog mišljenja je bio i tadašnji nemački predsednik vlade koji nije hteo da potpiše ovaj sporazum jer Nemci nisu učestvovali u pregovorima i izradi sporazuma, već je podneo ostavku. Uprkos tome Nemačka je samo uz protest potpisala sporazum nakon što joj je zaprećena invazija trupa.

Vidi još

• Pariska mirovna konferencija 1919.
• Londonski sporazum 1915.

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Pupin na Pariskoj mirovnoj konferenciji Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (12. jul 2020)
• DW.com
• Documents relating to the Treaty from the Parliamentary Collections
• Treaty of Versailles Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
• Photographs of the document
• The consequences of the Treaty of Versailles for today's world
• Text of Protest by Germany and Acceptance of Fair Peace Treaty
• Woodrow Wilson Original Letters on Treaty of Versailles Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (27. decembar 2014), Shapell Manuscript Foundation
• My 1919 – A film from the Chinese point of view, the only country that did not sign the treaty
• "Versailles Revisted" (Review of Manfred Boemeke, Gerald Feldman and Elisabeth Glaser. Boemeke, Manfred F.; Feldman, Gerald D.; Gläser, Elisabeth (13. 9. 1998). The Treaty of Versailles: A Reassessment after 75 Years. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521621328. . Cambridge, UK: German Historical Institute, Washington, and Cambridge University Press, 1998), Strategic Studies 9:2 (Spring 2000), 191–205
• Map of Europe and the impact of the Versailles Treaty Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (16. mart 2015) at omniatlas.com