Evangelizam

Ne poistovećivati sa Evangelizacija.

Evangelizam, evanđeosko hrišćanstvo, ili evangelički protestantizam je svetski trans-konfesionalni pokret unutar protestantskog hrišćanstva koji održava verovanje da se suština Jevanđelja sastoji od doktrine spasenja samo po blagodati, isključivo kroz veru u Isusovo spasenje. Evangeličari veruju u centralnu ulogu obraćenja ili iskustvo „ponovnog rođenja“ u primanju spasenja, u autoritet Biblije kao Božjeg otkrivenja čovečanstvu i širenje hrišćanske poruke. Pokret je dugo bio prisutan u Anglosferi pre nego što se proširio dalje u 19, 20. i početkom 21. veka.

Njegovo poreklo se obično vodi do 1738. godine, pri čemu razni teološki tokovi doprinose njegovom osnivanju, uključujući pijetizam, puritanizam, kvekerizam, prezbiterijanizam i moravijanizam (posebno njegovog biskupa Nikole Zinzendorfa i njegova zajednica u Hernhutu). Prevashodno, Džon Vesli i drugi rani metodisti bili su u korenu podsticanja ovog novog pokreta tokom Prvog velikog buđenja. Danas se evangelisti nalaze u mnogim protestantskim granama, kao i u raznim denominacijama koje nisu podvedene pod određenu granu. Među vođama i glavnim ličnostima evangeličkog protestantskog pokreta bili su Džordž Foks, Džon Vesli, Džordž Vajtfild, Džonatan Edvards, Bili Grejam, Bil Brajt, Harold Okenga, Džon Stot i Martin Lojd-Džons. Pokret je dobio veliki zamah tokom 18. i 19. veka Velikim buđenjima u Velikoj Britaniji i Sjedinjenim Državama.

Reformacija

U doba reformacije, pod njim se podrazumevalo prihvatanje augzburškog ispovedanja vere, za razliku od pripadanja katolicizmu ili reformisanim crkvama. Takvo značenje pojma je i dalje na snazi u Evropi i javlja se u službenim nazivima mnogih luteranskih crkava. U 18. veku, kao evangelisti su bili poznati oni koji su bili naklonjeni protestantskoj engleskoj crkvi, kao i oni među nekonformistima koji su ove podržavali. Engleski evangelisti su naglašavali značaj Svetog pisma, potrebu za očuvanjem vere, potrebu za visokim ličnim moralom i zastupničko iskupljenje.

Amerika i Engleska

U Americi 19. veka, pojam evanđeoski se odnosio na one crkve koje su zastupale ideje preporoda, probuđenja (revivalizam). Smatralo se da ove crkve imaju mnogo zajedničkog i njihove vođe su se nadale da će jedan evanđeoski ujedinjeni front pomoći da Amerika postane stvarno hrišćanska zemlja.

U Engleskoj su 1846. protivnici anglo-rimokatoličkog pokreta ostvarili međusobnu saradnju na nivou Evangelističkog saveza. Savez je potvrdio ispovedanje vere u devet tačaka, gde se pominjalo i nadahnuće Svetim pismom, zastupničko iskupljenje, zatim Sveta Trojica, kao i grehopad i izopačenost čovečanstva. Jedinstvo koje se razvijalo među evangelističkim crkvama početkom veka počelo je da se osipa pod udarcima darvinizma, kriticizma i industrijalizacije.

Pokreti

Različite crkve su različito reagovale na ove izazove i klasični evangelistički pokret se rascepio na liberale, konzervativce i tzv. pokret društvenog jevanđelja. Četrdesetih godina 20. veka počeo je da se rađa nov evanđeoski pokret i to u krilu naprednijeg dela američkog fundamentalizma, koji je s vremenom postao otvoreniji prema svetu i crkvenom predanju. Sazrevanjem fundamentalističke teologije, konzervativne crkve u Americi počele su da se razvijaju i ta tendencija je i danas evidentna.

Evanđeoski pokret u lokalnim crkvama dao je svoj doprinos formiranju i jačanju vankongregacionalnih institucija. Već 1970. evanđeoski pokret je postao glavna snaga američkog protestantizma. Nove evanđeoske crkve su postale najbrže rastuća verska zajednica u SAD.

Vidi još

• Evangelizacija

Literatura

• Balmer, Randall (2016). Evangelicalism in America. Baylor University Press. . xvi, 199 pp.
• Balmer, Randall Herbert (2002), Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism, Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, ISBN 978-0-664-22409-7, Pristupljeno 25. 10. 2011 CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza).
• Bauder, Kevin (2011), „Fundamentalism”, Ur.: Naselli, Andrew; Hansen, Collin, Four Views on the Spectrum of Evangelicalism, Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, ISBN 978-0-310-55581-0 
• Bebbington, David W (1993), Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s, London: Routledge 
• Chesnut, R. Andrew (1997), Born Again in Brazil: The Pentecostal Boom and the Pathogens of Poverty, Rutgers University Press, ISBN 9780813524061 .
• Dayton, Donald W. (1991), „Some Doubts about the Usefulness of the Category 'Evangelical'”, Ur.: Dayton, Donald W.; Johnston, Robert K., The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Press, ISBN 1-57233-158-5 
• Ellingsen, Mark (1991), „Lutheranism”, Ur.: Dayton, Donald W.; Johnston, Robert K., The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Press, ISBN 1-57233-158-5 
• Himmelstein, Jerome L. (1990), To The Right: The Transformation of American Conservatism, University of California Press .
• Longfield, Bradley J. (2013), Presbyterians and American Culture: A History, Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press 
• Lovelace, Richard F. (2007), The American Pietism of Cotton Mather: Origins of American Evangelicalism, Wipf & Stock, ISBN 9781556353925 
• Marsden, George M (1991), Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism, Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, ISBN 0-8028-0539-6 
• Martin, William (1996), With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America, New York: Broadway Books, ISBN 0-7679-2257-3 
• Mohler, Albert (2011), „Confessional Evangelicalism”, Ur.: Naselli, Andrew; Hansen, Collin, Four Views on the Spectrum of Evangelicalism, Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, ISBN 978-0-310-55581-0 
• Noll, Mark A. (2004), The Rise of Evangelicalism: The Age of Edwards, Whitefield and the Wesleys, Inter-Varsity, ISBN 1-84474-001-3 
• Ohlmann, Eric H. (1991), „Baptists and Evangelicals”, Ur.: Dayton, Donald W.; Johnston, Robert K., The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Press, ISBN 1-57233-158-5 
• Olson, Roger (2011), „Postconservative Evangelicalism”, Ur.: Naselli, Andrew; Hansen, Collin, Four Views on the Spectrum of Evangelicalism, Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, ISBN 978-0-310-55581-0 
• Puzynin, Andrey P. (2011). The Tradition of the Gospel Christians: A Study of Their Identity and Theology during the Russian, Soviet, and Post-Soviet Periods. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 9781630876883. 
• Randall, Kelvin (2005), Evangelicals etcetera: conflict and conviction in the Church of England 
• Ranger, Terence O, ur. (2008), Evangelical Christianity and Democracy in Africa, Oxford University Press .
• Reimer, Sam (2003). Evangelicals and the Continental Divide: The Conservative Protestant Subculture in Canada and the United States. McGill-Queen's Press. 
• Shantz, Douglas H. (2013), An Introduction to German Pietism: Protestant Renewal at the Dawn of Modern Europe, JHU, ISBN 9781421408309 
• Stanley, Brian (2013). The Global Diffusion of Evangelicalism: The Age of Billy Graham and John Stott. IVP Academic. ISBN 978-0-8308-2585-1. 
• Sutton, Matthew Avery (2014). American Apocalypse: A History of Modern Evangelicalism. Cambridge: Belknap Press. . 480 pp. online review
• Sweeney, Douglas A. (2005). The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement. Baker Academic. ISBN 978-1-58558-382-9. 
• Tomlinson, Dave (2007). The Post-Evangelical. ISBN 978-0-310-25385-3. 
• Trueman, Carl (2011), The Real Scandal of the Evangelical Mind, Moody Publishers 
• Witvliet, John D. (2010), „Worship”, Ur.: McDermott, Gerald, The Oxford Handbook of Evangelical Theology, Oxford University Press, str. 310—324, ISBN 9780195369441 
• Wolffe, John (2007). The Expansion of Evangelicalism: The Age of Wilberforce, More, Chalmers and Finney. A History of Evangelicalism. 2. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-2582-0. 
• Worthen, Molly (2014). Apostles of Reason: The Crisis of Authority in American Evangelicalism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-989646-2. 
• Balmer, Randall Herbert (2004), Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism (excerpt and text search) (2nd izd.), Westminster John Knox Press, ISBN 9780664224097 ; online.
• ——— (2010), The Making of Evangelicalism: From Revivalism to Politics and Beyond, Baylor University Press, ISBN 978-1-60258-243-9 .
• ——— (2000), Blessed Assurance: A History of Evangelicalism in America 
• Bastian, Jean-Pierre (1994), Le Protestantisme en Amérique latine: une approche sio-historique [Protestantism in Latin America: a sio-historical approach], Histoire et société (na jeziku: francuski) (27), Genève: Labor et Fides, ISBN 2-8309-0684-5 ; alternative ISBN on back cover, 2-8309-0687-X; 324 pp.
• Beale, David O (1986), In Pursuit of Purity: American Fundamentalism Since 1850, Greenville, SC: Bob Jones University: Unusual, ISBN 0-89084-350-3 .
• Bebbington, D. W. (1989), Evangelicals in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s, London: Unwin .
• Carpenter, Joel A. (1980), „Fundamentalist Institutions and the Rise of Evangelical Protestantism, 1929–1942”, Church History, 49 (1): 62—75, JSTOR 3164640, doi:10.2307/3164640 .
• ——— (1999), Revive Us Again: The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-512907-5 .
• Case, Jay Riley (2012). An Unpredictable Gospel: American Evangelicals and World Christianity, 1812-1920. Oxford UP. ISBN 9780199772322. 
• Chapman, Mark B. (2015). „American Evangelical Attitudes Toward Catholicism: Post-World War II to Vatican II”. U.S. Catholic Historian. 33 (1): 25—54. doi:10.1353/cht.2015.0005. 
• Freston, Paul (2004), Evangelicals and Politics in Asia, Africa and Latin America, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-60429-X .
• Hindmarsh, Bruce (2005), The Evangelical Conversion Narrative: Spiritual Autobiography in Early Modern England, Oxford: Oxford University Press .
• Kidd, Thomas S (2007), The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America, Yale University Press .
• Knox, Ronald (1950), Enthusiasm: a Chapter in the History of Religion, with Special Reference to the XVII and XVIII Centuries, Oxford, Eng: Oxford University Press, str. viii , 622 pp.
• Luhrmann, Tanya (2012). When God Talks Back-Understanding the American Evangelical Relationship with God. Knopf. 
• ——— (1987), Reforming Fundamentalism: Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans .
• Noll, Mark A (1992), A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, str. 311—89, ISBN 0-8028-0651-1 .
• Noll, Mark A; Bebbington, David W; Rawlyk, George A, ur. (1994), Evangelicalism: Comparative Studies of Popular Protestantism in North America, the British Isles and Beyond, 1700–1990 .
• Pierard, Richard V. (1979), „The Quest For the Historical Evangelicalism: A Bibliographical Excursus”, Fides et Historia, 11 (2), str. 60—72 .
• Price, Robert M. (1986), „Neo-Evangelicals and Scripture: A Forgotten Period of Ferment”, Christian Scholars Review, 15 (4), str. 315—30 .
• Rawlyk, George A; Noll, Mark A, ur. (1993), Amazing Grace: Evangelicalism in Australia, Britain, Canada, and the United States .
• Schafer, Axel R (2011), Countercultural Conservatives: American Evangelicalism From the Postwar Revival to the New Christian Right, U. of Wisconsin Press , 225 pp; covers evangelical politics from the 1940s to the 1990s that examines how a diverse, politically pluralistic movement became, largely, the Christian Right.
• Smith, Timothy L (1957), Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War .
• Stackhouse, John G (1993), Canadian Evangelicalism in the Twentieth Century 
• Sutton, Matthew Avery (2014). American Apocalypse: A history of modern evangelicalism. 
• Utzinger, J. Michael (2006), Yet Saints Their Watch Are Keeping: Fundamentalists, Modernists, and the Development of Evangelical Ecclesiology, 1887–1937, Macon: Mercer University Press, ISBN 0-86554-902-8 .
• Ward, W. R. (2006), Early Evangelicalism: A Global Intellectual History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521158125 .
• Wigger, John H; Hatch, Nathan O, ur. (2001), Methodism and the Shaping of American Culture .
• Wright, Bradley (21. 3. 2013), What, exactly, is Evangelical Christianity?, series on Evangelical Christianity in America, Patheos (Black, White and Gray blog) CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza).
• Anderson, Gerald H, ur. (1998), Biographical dictionary of Christian missions, Simon & Schuster Macmillan .
• Bainbridge, William F (1882), Around the World Tour of Christian Missions: A Universal Survey , 583 pp.
• Barrett, David, ur. (1982), World Christian Encyclopedia, Oxford University Press .
• Brown, Candy Gunther, ur. (2011), Global Pentecostal and Charismatic Healing (essays by scholars on different countries), Oxford UP , 400 pp.
• Etherington, Norman, ur. (2008), Missions and Empire, Oxford History of the British Empire Companion .
• Gailey, Charles R; Culbertson, Howard (2007), Discovering Missions, Kansas City: Beacon Hill Press .
• Glover, Robert H; Kane, J Herbert (1960), The Progress of World-Wide Missions, Harper & Row .
• Hutchison, William R (1987), Errand to the World: American Protestant Thought and Foreign Missions .
• Jenkins, Philip (2011), The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity (3rd izd.), Oxford UP .
• Kane, J. Herbert (1982), A Concise History of the Christian World Mission, Baker .
• Koschorke, Klaus; et al. (2007), A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1450–1990: A Documentary Sourcebook (Google Books), Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 9780802828897 
• Latourette, Kenneth Scott, A History of the Expansion of Christianity, (1938–45) (detailed scholarly history) , 7 volumes.
• Moreau, A. Scott; et al. (2000), Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions, Baker .
• Neill, Stephen (1986), A History of Christian Missions, Penguin .
• Newcomb, Harvey (1860), A Cyclopedia of Missions: Containing a Comprehensive View of Missionary Operations Throughout the World with Geographical Descriptions, and Accounts of the Social, Moral, and Religious Condition of the People (Google Books) , 792 pp.
• Pocock, Michael; van Rheenen, Gailyn; McConnell, Douglas (2005), The Changing Face of World Missions: Engaging Contemporary Issues and Trends ; 391 pp.
• Shenk, Wilbert R, ur. (2004), North American Foreign Missions, 1810–1914: Theology, Theory, and Policy . 349 pp; important essays by scholars.
• Tejirian, Eleanor H; Simon, Reeva Spector, ur. (2012), Conflict, Conquest, and Conversion: Two Thousand Years of Christian Missions in the Middle East, Columbia University Press , 280 pp; focus on the 19th and 20th centuries.
• Tucker, Ruth (2004), From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya .
• ——— (1988), Guardians of the Great Commission .

Spoljašnje veze

• Institute for the Study of American Evangelicalism, Wheaton College, Arhivirano iz originala 2002-08-06. g., Pristupljeno 2002-08-10 .
• Spencer, Michael (10. 3. 2009), „The Coming Evangelical Collapse”, The Christian Science Monitor CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza).
• Modern Evangelical African Theologians: A Primer, Need not fret, Arhivirano iz originala 2011-07-14. g., Pristupljeno 2010-05-13 .
• American Evangelicalism and Islam: From the Antichrist to the Mahdi, Germany: Qantara .
• Operation World  – Statistics from around the world including numbers of Evangelicals by country.
• World Evangelical Alliance, Arhivirano iz originala 2015-03-14. g., Pristupljeno 2015-03-15  (WEA)
• FULLER Magazine Issue No. 2 – Evangelical, Arhivirano iz originala 2015-09-03. g., Pristupljeno 2015-09-02  – An exploration of what it means to be Evangelical