Li Guangjao
| Li Guangjao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Lični podaci | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Datum rođenja | 16. septembar 1923. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mesto rođenja | Singapur, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Datum smrti | 23. mart 2015. (91 god.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mesto smrti | Singapur, Singapur | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Religija | nijedna (agnosticizam)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Profesija | pravnik, političar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Politička karijera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Politička stranka | Stranka narodne akcije | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Li Guangjao (engl. Lee Kuan Yew; Singapur, 16. septembar 1923 — Singapur, 23. mart 2015) bio je singapurski političar i državnik, poznat kao prvi premijer Singapura.[2][3] Uživao je reputaciju jednog od najuticajnijih ličnosti u Jugoistočnoj Aziji. Kao jedan od osnivača Stranke Narodne akcije, Li je prepoznat kao otac osnivač nacije, zaslužan za brzi prelazak zemlje iz „zemlje trećeg sveta u razvoju u razvijenu zemlju prvog sveta u okviru jedne generacije” pod njegovim vođstvom.[4][5][6]
Biografija
[uredi | uredi izvor]Rođen je 1923. godine u porodici singapurskih Kineza. Njegovo studiranje prekinuo je početak Drugog svetskog rata u Singapuru 1942. godine. Tokom japanske okupacije bio je činovnik u jednoj tekstilnoj firmi.
Nakon rata otišao je da studira u Englesku. Tamo je naposletku diplomirao pravo na Univerzitetu Kembridž. Tokom boravka u Engleskoj, shvatio je da Englezi tokom rata nisu bili sposobni da odbrane Singapur od japanske okupacije, pa je zaključio da Singapur mora biti nezavisan. Kući se vratio 1949. godine[7][8].
Počeo je da se bavi politikom 1950-ih godina, zahtevajući samoupravu i nezavisnost Singapura od britanske vlasti. Godine 1954. osnovao je nominalno socijalističku Stranku narodne akcije, kako bi na svoju stranu pridobio imućne prokomunističke Kineze[9]. Kada je Singapur dobio samoupravu godine 1959. njegova stranka je dobila izbore i Li Guangjao je postao premijer.
Godine 1963, Singapur je postao delom Malezijske Federacije. Dve godine kasnije, nakon etničkih sukoba između Malajaca i Kineza, Singapur i Malezija su se mirno rastali 9. avgusta. Istog dana je proglašena Republika Singapur.
U sledećih 25 godina, Singapur je pod Lijevim vođstvom postao industrijski div Azije i jedna od najprosperitetnijih država u svetu. Tri stuba njegove politike činili su nacionalna bezbednost, ekonomija i socijalna stabilnost. Kako bi ojačao suverenost i ugled Singapura u svetu, Li je promovisao politiku neutralnosti i nesvrstanosti. S druge strane, mnogi su mu zamerali autoritarnu unutrašnju politiku.
Godine 1990. pažljivo je pripremio silazak s vlasti, ali je u budućim singapurskim vladama zadržao savetodavnu funkciju u kabinetima Višeg ili Ministra mentora Singapura. Ovu poslednju funkciju napustio je 2011, i time se povukao iz političkog života Singapura[10].
Napisao je memoare u dva toma: „Priča o Singapuru“, koja obuhvata istoriju države do razlaza s Malezijom 1965. i „Od Trećeg sveta do Prvog: priča o Singapuru“, koja opisuje njegov doprinos preobražaju Singapura u modernu naciju.
- 23. mart 2015 je preminuo u bolnici u Singapuru od upale pluća.[11]
Izvori
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ „Days of reflection for the man who defined Singapore: A transcript of Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew's interview with The New York Times”. Today. Singapore. 13. 9. 2010. str. 14—17. Arhivirano iz originala 13. 09. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 18. 01. 2013.
- ^ Reporter: Peter Day (5. 7. 2000). „Singapore's elder statesman”. From Our Own Correspondent. London. BBC. World Service.
- ^ „US, Japan must help out Asia, says Kuan Yew”. New Sunday Times. Kuala Lumpur. Reuters. 22. 1. 1998. „Singapore's elder statesman Lee Kuan Yew said today ...”
- ^ „Condolence Messages from Our Partners”. Arhivirano iz originala 20. 4. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 23. 3. 2016.
- ^ Allison, Graham (28. 3. 2015). „Lee Kuan Yew: Lessons for leaders from Asia's 'Grand Master'”. CNN. Arhivirano iz originala 2. 4. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 2. 4. 2015.
- ^ Weatherbee, Donald E. (2008). Historical Dictionary of United States-Southeast Asia Relations. Scarecrow Press. str. 213. ISBN 9780810864054. Arhivirano iz originala 26. 4. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 2. 4. 2015.
- ^ Lee, Lee Kuan Yew (2000). From Third World to First. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.
- ^ Lee, Lee Kuan Yew (1998). Lee Kuan Yew The Man And His Ideas. Singapore: Times Edition.
- ^ Lee, Lee Kuan Yew (1998). The Singapore Story. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.
- ^ „SM Goh, MM Lee to leave Cabinet”. Channel NewsAsia. Singapore. 14. 5. 2011. Arhivirano iz originala 02. 12. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 18. 01. 2013.
- ^ Lee Kuan Yew (2012). My Lifelong Challenge: Singapore's Bilingual Journey. Singapore: Straits Times Press. ISBN 978-981-4342-03-2.
Literatura
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Sandhu, Kernial Singh; Wheatley, Paul (1989). Management of Success: The Moulding of Modern Singapore. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789813035423.
- Josey, Alex (1980). Lee Kuan Yew Vol. 2. Times Books International. ISBN 9789971650438. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 21. 10. 2020.
- Chan, Heng Chee (1984). A Sensation of Independence: A Political Biography of David Marshall. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195826074. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 31. 8. 2021.
- Conboy, Kenneth J. (januar 1989), „Opportunities for Bush to Bolster the U.S.-Singapore Relationship” (PDF), Asian Studies Backgrounder, 86, Arhivirano (PDF) iz originala 8. 3. 2021. g., Pristupljeno 3. 3. 2010
- Régnier, Philippe (1991). Singapore: A City-state in South-East Asia. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9789814713573. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 26. 5. 2021.
- Jones, Matthew (2000). „Creating Malaysia: Singapore security, the Borneo territories, and the contours of British policy, 1961–63”. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 28 (2): 85—109. S2CID 159579207. doi:10.1080/03086530008583091. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 9. 6. 2021.
- Hefner, Robert W. (2001). The Politics of Multiculturalism: Pluralism and Citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824824877. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 22. 3. 2015.
- Mauzy, Diane K.; Milne, Robert Stephen (2002). Singapore Politics Under the People's Action Party. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415246538. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 1. 5. 2021.
- Yao, Souchou (2007). Singapore: The State and the Culture of Excess. Routledge. ISBN 9780415417112. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 26. 5. 2021.
- Weatherbee, Donald E. (2008). Historical Dictionary of United States-Southeast Asia Relations. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810864054. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 2. 4. 2015.
- Lee, Edwin (2008). Singapore: The Unexpected Nation. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789812307965. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 31. 8. 2021.
- Turnbull, C. M. (2009). A History of Modern Singapore: 1819–2005. NUS Press. ISBN 9789971694302. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 26. 5. 2021.
- Frost, Mark R.; Balasingamchow, Yu-Mei (2009). Singapore: A Biography. Editions Didier Millet. ISBN 9789814385169. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 16. 6. 2021.
- Yap, Sonny; Lim, Richard; Leong, Weng K. (2010). Men in White: The Untold Story of Singapore's Ruling Political Party. Straits Times Press. ISBN 9789814266512.
- Pike, Francis (2010). Empires at War A Short History of Modern Asia Since World War II. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9780857730299.
- Poh, Soo K; Tan, Jing Quee; Koh, Kay Yew (2010). The Fajar Generation: The University Socialist Club and the Politics of Postwar Malaya and Singapore. SIRD. ISBN 9789833782864. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 26. 5. 2021.
- Quah, Jon S.T. (2011). Curbing Corruption in Asian Countries: An Impossible Dream?. Emerald Group Publishing. ISBN 9780857248190.
- Leo, Suryadinata (2012). Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume I & II. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789814345217. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 12. 8. 2015.
- Josey, Alex (2013). Lee Kuan Yew: The Crucial Years. Marshall Cavendish International Asia. ISBN 9789814435499. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 22. 3. 2015.
- Tortajada, Cecilia; Joshi, Yugal; Biswas, Asit K. (2013). The Singapore Water Story: Sustainable Development in an Urban City-state. Routledge. ISBN 9780415657822. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 26. 5. 2021.
- Plate, Tom (2013). Giants of Asia: Conversations with Lee Kuan Yew. Marshall Cavendish Intl. ISBN 9789814398619. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 26. 5. 2021.
- Kah Seng, Loh (2013). Squatters into Citizens: The 1961 Bukit Ho Swee Fire and the Making of Modern Singapore. NUS Press. ISBN 9788776941222. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 31. 8. 2021.
- Soo, Kai Poh; Hong, Lysa; Chen, Guofang (2013). The 1963 Operation Coldstore in Singapore, Commemorating 50 years. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. ISBN 9789670630106. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 26. 5. 2021.
- Cotterell, Arthur (2014). A History of South-East Asia. Marshall Cavendish International Asia. ISBN 9789814634700.
- Barr, Michael D. (2014). The Ruling Elite of Singapore: Networks of Power and Influence. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9780857723680. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 16. 6. 2021.
- Oei, Anthony (2015). Lee Kuan Yew: Blazing The Freedom Trail. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. ISBN 9789814677875. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 28. 7. 2021.
- Yeow, Stephanie (2015). Lee Kuan Yew: A Pictorial Memoir. Straits Times Press. ISBN 9789814642088.
- Chew, Melanie (2015). Leaders Of Singapore. World Scientific. ISBN 9789810073336.
- Zheng, Yongnian; Liang, Fook Lye (2015). Singapore-China Relations: 50 Years. World Scientific. ISBN 9789814713573. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 26. 5. 2021.
- Kwa, Chong Guan; Heng, Derek; Borschberg, Peter; Tan, Tai Yong (2019). Seven Hundred Years: A History of Singapore. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. ISBN 9789814868334. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 3. 2024. g. Pristupljeno 30. 7. 2021.
- Jayakumar, Shashi (2021). A History of the People's Action Party, 1985–2021. NUS Press. ISBN 9789813251281.
- Lee, Lee Kuan Yew (1998). Lee Kuan Yew The Man And His Ideas. Singapore: Times Edition.
- Lee, Kuan Yew (1998). The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew, Vol. 1. Times Editions. ISBN 978-9812049834.
- —— (2000). From Third World to First: 1965–2000: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew, Vol. 2. Harper. ISBN 978-0060197766.
- —— (2005). Keeping My Mandarin Alive: Lee Kuan Yew's Language Learning Experience. World Scientific Publishing Company. ISBN 978-9812563828.
- —— (2011). Hard Truths To Keep Singapore Going. Straits Times Press. ISBN 978-9814266727.
- —— (2012). My Lifelong Challenge: Singapore's Bilingual Journey. Straits Times Press. ISBN 978-9814342032.
- —— (2013). One Man's View of the World. Singapore: Straits Times Press. ISBN 978-9814342568.
- —— (2013). The Wit and Wisdom of Lee Kuan Yew. Didier Millet. ISBN 978-9814385282.
- —— (2014). Lee Kuan Yew: A Life in Pictures. Straits Times Press. ISBN 978-9814342582.
- Yang Razali Kassim; Mushahid Ali, ur. (2016). Reflections: The Legacy of Lee Kuan Yew. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. ISBN 978-9814723886. doi:10.1142/9811.
- Allison, Graham T.; Blackwill, Robert D.; Ali, Wyne (2013). Lee Kuan Yew: Grand Master's Insights on China, the United States and the World. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262019125.
- Koh, Buck Song (2011). Brand Singapore: How Nation Branding Built Asia's Leading Global City. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-9814328159.
- Plate, Tom (2010). Conversations with Lee Kuan Yew: Citizen Singapore: How to Build a Nation. Giants of Asia Series. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-9812616760.
- Barr, Michael D. (2000). Lee Kuan Yew: The Beliefs Behind the Man. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0878408160.
- Datta-Ray, Sunanda K. (2009). Looking East to Look West: Lee Kuan Yew's Mission India. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-9814279048.
- Gordon, Uri (2000). "Machiavelli's Tiger: Lee Kwan Yew and Singapore's Authoritarian regime" Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (18. jul 2018).
- Josey, Alex (1980). Lee Kuan Yew – The Crucial Years. Singapore and Kuala Lumpur: Times Books International. ISBN 9789814435499..
- King, Rodney (2008). The Singapore Miracle, Myth and Reality (2 izd.). Insight Press. ISBN 978-0977556700.
- Kwang, Han Fook; Fernandez, Warren; Tan, Sumiko (2015). Lee Kuan Yew: The Man and His Ideas. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. ISBN 978-9814677684.
- Lama, Murat (2016). Lee Kuan Yew: Singapour et le renouveau de la Chine (na jeziku: francuski). Paris: Manitoba/Les Belles Lettres. ISBN 978-2-251-89020-3.
- McCarthy, Terry. „Lee Kuan Yew”. Time Asia. Hong Kong. Arhivirano iz originala 13. 02. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 22. 3. 2015.
- Minchin, James (1986). No Man is an Island: A Study of Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-0868619064.
- Bellows, Thomas J. (februar 1989), „Singapore in 1988: The Transition Moves Forward”, Asian Survey, 29 (2): 145—153, JSTOR 2644574, doi:10.1525/as.1989.29.2.01p0242q
Spoljašnje veze
[uredi | uredi izvor]| Bibliotečki resursi o Li Guangjao |
| Autor Li Guangjao |
|---|
- The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew
- „Lee Kuan Yew | Articles Speeches and Interviews – Lee Kuan Yew 李光耀”. Arhivirano iz originala 6. 5. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 19. 1. 2017.
- Lee Kuan Yew website Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (6. maj 2016). Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- Li Guangjao na sajtu IMDb (jezik: engleski)
- Li Guangjao na sajtu C-SPAN (jezik: engleski)
- Li Guangjao on Charlie Rose
- Li Guangjao na sajtu WorldCat (jezik: engleski)
- „Prikuljene vijesti i komentari o članku Li Guangjao”. The New York Times.
- ली क्वान यू और उनकी विरासत | Lee Kuan Yew and his legacy
- Tribute to Lee Kuan Yew Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (29. maj 2019)
- The Straits Times – Mr Lee Kuan Yew’s funeral procession
- Intervjui i članci
- A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew, Fareed Zakaria, Foreign Affairs, March–April 1994
- War of Words Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (27. avgust 2013) Alejandro Reyes, Time, 25 September 1998
- Lee Kuan Yew: A Chronology, 1923–1965 Largely based on Lee Kuan Yew, The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. Singapore: Times, 1998, Pristupljeno 8. 12. 2004.
- Part 1, Part 2: CNN, Fareed Zakaria talks with Lee Kuan Yew about his life as prime minister of Singapore, 22 September 2008
- Daddy knows best: The Lee Kuan Yew story, Tom Plate, Sify.com, 2010(?)
- Lee Kuan Yew Watch
- Lee Kuan Yew: A Chronology, 1923–1965 Largely based on Lee Kuan Yew, The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. Singapore: Times, 1998.
- Official Profile na sajtu Wayback Machine (arhivirano 21 februar 2009) at the Parliament of Singapore
- The short film Interview with Lee Kuan Yew (1967) is available for free download at the Internet Archive
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