Muzički instrument

An Valajer-Koster, Atributi muzike, 1770. Ova slika mrtve prirode prikazuje razne francuske barokne muzičke instrumente, kao što su prirodni rog, poprečna flauta, muzeta, viola, i lauta.

Orkestrion

Muzički instrumenti su sprave na kojima se izvode muzička dela. Oni koji se danas upotrebljavaju u umetničkoj muzici dele se na tri glavne grupe: žičane, duvačke i udaračke (udaraljke). Žičani, prema načinu proizvođenja tona, dele se na: gudačke (violina, viola, violončelo, kontrabas) i okidačke (harfa, klavsen, gitara, mandolina, lauta i dr). Duvački se dele na: drvene (pikolo, flauta, klarinet, oboa, fagot i dr.) i limene (horna, truba, trombon, tuba i dr).

Udarački mogu biti određene visine zvuka (timpan, ksilofon, metalofon, zvončići, zvona i dr.) ili neodređene visine zvuka (veliki bubanj, doboš, činele, tam-tam, gong i dr.) Specijalnim kombinovanim vrstama pripadaju klavir, orgulje, čembalo, harmonijum i dr. Mehanički instrumenti reprodukuju muzičko delo bez neposrednog učešća umetnika-izvođača; obično su to sprave koje se stavljaju u pokret bilo mehaničkim putem, bilo električnim pogonom (vergl, piavola, muzička kutija, gramofon, orkestrion i dr).

Definicija i osnovne operacije

Muzički instrument proizvodi zvukove. Kada su ljudi prešli sa stvaranja zvukova svojim telima - na primer pljeskanjem - na korištenje predmeta za stvaranje muzike od zvukova, nastali su muzički instrumenti. Primitivni instrumenti su verovatno dizajnirani da emuliraju prirodne zvukove, a njihova svrha je više ritual nego zabava. Koncept melodije i umetnička potraga za muzičkom kompozicijom bili su nepoznati ranim sviračima muzičkih instrumenata. Svirač koji proizvodi zvuk flautom da bi označio početak lova, čini to bez razmišljanja o modernom pojmu „pravljenja muzike”.

Arheologija

Istraživači su otkrili arheološke dokaze o muzičkim instrumentima u mnogim delovima sveta. Neki nalazi su stari 67.000 godina, ali njihov status kao muzičkih instrumenata često je u sporan. Konsenzus se učvršćuje oko artefakata starih oko 37.000 godina i kasnije. Samo artefakti napravljeni od trajnih materijala ili upotrebom trajnih metoda imaju tendenciju da prežive. Stoga se pronađeni uzorci ne mogu nepobitno smatrati najranijim muzičkim instrumentima.

Vidi još

• Spisak muzičkih instrumenata
• Podela muzičkih instrumenata

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Spoljašnje veze

• „Muzički instrumenti”. Viktorija i Albert muzej. Arhivirano iz originala 14. 4. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 1. 7. 2008. 
• „Muzika i muzički instrumenti”. Nacionalni muzej američke istorije. Arhivirano iz originala 17. 9. 2008. g. Pristupljeno 30. 9. 2008. 
• Sajt posvećen harmonici u Srbiji
• Raspored muzičara po instrumentima u simfonijskom orkestru., Pristupljeno 28. 7. 2012.