Palestinske enklave
Palestinske enklave su oblasti na Zapadnoj obali koje su predviđene za Palestince u okviru niza neuspešnih predloga koje predvode SAD i Izrael za okončanje izraelsko-palestinskog sukoba.[1] Enklave se često porede sa nominalno samoupravnim crnačkim jedinicama, stvorenim u Južnoj Africi iz doba aparthejda, i stoga se nazivaju bantustanima. Oni su figurativno nazvani Palestinskim arhipelagom, pored ostalih termina. Defakto status 2024 je da Izrael kontroliše sve oblasti van ovih enklava.
„Ostrva“ su prvi put dobila zvanični oblik kao oblasti A i B prema Sporazumu iz Osla II iz 1995. godine. Ovaj aranžman je izričito nameravao da bude privremen, sa područjem C (ostatak Zapadne obale ) da se „postepeno prenese pod palestinsku jurisdikciju“ do 1997. godine; međutim, takav transfer nije izvršen.[2] Područje Zapadne obale koje je trenutno pod delimičnom civilnom kontrolom Palestinske nacionalne vlasti sastoji se od 165 „ostrva“. Izraelska novinarka Amira Has opisala je stvaranje ovog aranžmana kao „najistaknutiju geopolitičku pojavu u poslednjih četvrt veka“.
Niz mirnovnih planova koje su kreirali SAD-Izrael , poput Mirovni planovi S., uključujući Alonov plan, plan Svetske cionističke organizacije Drobles, plan Menahema Begina, plan „Alon plus“ Benjamina Netanjahua, samit u Kemp Dejvidu 2000. i Šaronova vizija palestinske države predlagali su enklavu, tip teritorije – odnosno grupa nesusednih oblasti koje je okruživao, razdeljivao i, na kraju, kontrolisao Izrael; kao i noviji Trampov mirovni plan.[3] Ovo se naziva bantustan opcija.
Posledice stvaranja ovih fragmentiranih palestinskih oblasti su široko proučavane i pokazalo se da su imale „razarajući uticaj na ekonomiju, društveno umrežavanje, [i] pružanje osnovnih usluga kao što su zdravstvena zaštita i obrazovanje“.Taraki 2008, str. 6
Izvori
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ Chaichian 2013, str. 271–319.
- ^ Niksic, Eddin & Cali 2014, str. 1.
- ^ Srivastava 2020.
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