Pariska opera
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Pariska opera (fr. Opéra de Paris, IPA: [opeʁa də paʁi] (
slušaj)) jeste glavna operska i baletska institucija Francuske. Osnovao ju je 1669. Luj XIV kao Académie d'Opéra, a ubrzo nakon toga osnivanja je stavljena pod vođstvo Žan-Batista Lilija i zvanično preimenovana u Académie Royale de Musique, mada je i dalje bila poznata jednostavnije kao Opéra.
Klasični balet kakav je danas poznat nastao je u okviru Pariske opere kao Balet Pariske opere i ostao je sastavni i važan deo društva. Trenutno se zove Opéra national de Paris, uglavnom producira opere u svom modernom pozorištu Opera Bastille sa 2.723 sedišta koje je otvoreno 1989. kao i balete i neke klasične opere u starijoj Palati Garnije sa 1.979 sedišta koja je otvorena 1875. godine. U amfiteatru sa 500 sedećih mesta ispod Opere Bastilja izvode se i dela manjeg obima kao i savremena dela.
Godišnji budžet je oko 200 miliona evra, od čega 100 miliona evra dolazi od francuske države i 70 miliona evra od blagajničkih prihoda.[1] Sredstvima se finansiraju dve kuće i izdržava veliki stalni kadar, koji uključuje orkestar od 170 članova, hor od 110 i telo baleta od 150 umetnika i saradnika.[2]
Svake godine Pariska opera prikaže oko 380 izvođenja operskih, baletskih i drugih koncerata, pred ukupnom publikom od oko 800.000 ljudi (od kojih 17% dolazi iz inostranstva), sa prosečnom popunjenošću sedišta od 94%.[2] U sezoni 2012–2013, Pariska opera je predstavila 18 operskih naslova (dva u dvostrukom računu), 13 baleta, 5 simfonijskih koncerata i dva vokalna recitala, plus 15 drugih programa. Tela za obuku umenike institucije su takođe aktivna.[3]
Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ "Bernard Stirn – Président du Conseil d'Administration de l'Opéra de Paris", interview by Édouard Brane with the President of the Board of the Opéra, Bernard Stirn, 8 April 2011
- ^ a b Company profile, Tous à l'Opéra 2012 press release Arhivirano 3 mart 2016 na sajtu Wayback Machine pp. 52, 53
- ^ Opéra national de Paris website, 2012–2013 season presentation Arhivirano 8 avgust 2012 na sajtu Wayback Machine
Literatura
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Astier, Régine (1998a). "Académie Royale de Danse" in Cohen 1998, vol. 1, pp. 3–5.
- Astier, Régine (1998b). "Beauchamps, Pierre" in Cohen 1998, vol. 1, pp. 396–397.
- Charlton, David, editor (2003). The Cambridge Companion to Grand Opera. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64118-0.
- Charlton, David (2014). „New Light on the Bouffons in Paris (1752–1754)”. Eighteenth-Century Music. 11 (1): 31—54..
- Christout, Marie-Françoise (1998). "Paris Opera Ballet" in Cohen 1998, vol. 5, pp. 86–100.
- Cohen, Selma Jeanne, editor (1998). International Encyclopedia of Dance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517369-7.. ISBN 978-0-19-509462-6 (hardcover). (2004 paperback edition).
- Costonis, Maureen Needham (1992). "Beauchamps [Beauchamp] Pierre" in Sadie (1992) 1: 364.
- Craine, Debra; Mackrell, Judith (2000). The Oxford Dictionary of Dance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860106-7..
- Fauser, Annegret, editor; Everist, Mark, editor (2009). Music, Theater, and Cultural Transfer. Paris, 1830–1914. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-23926-2..
- Fontaine, Gerard. (2003). Visages de marbre et d'airain: La collection de bustes du Palais Garnier. ISBN 978-2-85822-751-8.. Paris: Monum, Éditions du patrimoine. .
- Fulcher, Jane. (1987). The Nation's Image: French Grand Opera as Politics and Politicized Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521327749.
- Gerhard, Anselm (1998). The Urbanization of Opera: Music theatre in Paris in the Nineteenth Century. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-28857-4., translated from French to English by Mary Whittall. Chicago:. .
- Gourret, Jean. (1985). Histoire des Salles de l'Opéra de Paris. ISBN 978-2-85707-180-8.. Paris: Guy Trédaniel. .
- Guest, Ivor (2008). The Romantic Ballet in Paris. Alton, Hampshire, UK: Dance Books. ISBN 978-1-85273-119-9.
- Johnson, Victoria (2008). Backstage at the Revolution: How the Royal Paris Opera Survived the End of the Old Regime. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-40195-9..
- Levin, Alicia (2009). "A documentary overview of musical theaters in Paris, 1830–1900" in Fauser 2009, pp. 379–402.
- Pitou, Spire (1983). The Paris Opéra: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers. Genesis and Glory, 1671–1715. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313214202.
- Pitou, Spire (1985). The Paris Opera: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers. Rococo and Romantic, 1715–1815. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313243943.
- Pitou, Spire (1990). The Paris Opéra: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers. Growth and Grandeur, 1815–1914. New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313262180..
- Powell, John S (2000). Music and Theatre in France 1600–1680. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-816599-6..
- Sadie, Stanley, editor (1992). The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. ISBN 978-1-56159-228-9. (4 volumes). London: Macmillan. .
- Sadie, Stanley, editor; John Tyrell; executive editor (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd izd.).. London: Macmillan. . ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5. OCLC 419285866. Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar
|title=(pomoć) (hardcover). (eBook). - Walton, William (1899). Paris from the Earliest Period to the Present Day. Philadelphia: George Barrie & Son., vol. 3.
- Wild, Nicole (1989). Dictionnaire des théâtres parisiens au XIXe siècle: les théâtres et la musique. Paris: Aux Amateurs de livres. ISBN 978-2-905053-80-0.. ISBN 978-0-8288-2586-3. (paperback). View formats and editions at WorldCat.
- Wolff, Stéphane. L'Opéra au Palais Garnier (1875–1962). 1962. ISBN 978-2-05-000214-2.. Paris: Deposé au journal L'Entr'acte OCLC 7068320, 460748195. Paris: Slatkine (1983 reprint) .
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