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Tijele

S Vikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije
Tiele
Ukupna populacija
300,000 — 2-3 miliona[1]
Regioni sa značajnom populacijom
Altajske planine, Sinkjang (Džungarija)[2]
Jezici
Turkijski jezici
Religija
Tengrizam, budizam, maniheizam i
islam (iza 10. veka)[3][4]
Srodne etničke grupe
Dingling, Xiongnu i kasniji turkijski narodi

Tijele (kin: 鐵勒), takođe poznati kao Čile (kin: 敕勒) i Gaoče (kin: 高车),[5] naziv je za nomadski narod koji je živeo u stepama severne Kine i centralne Azije, i prvi put se pojavio nakon raspada Ksijongnu konfederacije. Kineski izvori ih smatraju istovetnima sa ranijim narodom Dingling.[6][7][8][9]

Reference

[uredi | uredi izvor]
  1. ^ Duan, "Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele", p. 91, 105, 269-270.
  2. ^ Duan, "Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele", map. 4, 6, 13, 16, 17 (no page.no).
  3. ^ Zhang et al., "Cultural History of Ancient Northern Ethnic Groups in China", p. 329-330.
  4. ^ Duan, "Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele", p. 195-197, 339.
  5. ^ Drompp, Michael Robert (2005). Tang China and the Collapse of the Uighur Empire: A Documentary History. BRILL. str. 41, n. 7. ISBN 90-04-14129-4. 
  6. ^ Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi. Peter de Ridder Press. 1983. str. 111. 
  7. ^ Duan, "Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele", p. 16-18, 197.
  8. ^ Duan, "Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele", p. 11-12.
  9. ^ Pulleyblank, "Central Asia and Non-Chinese Peoples of Ancient China", p. VII 21-26.

Primarne reference

[uredi | uredi izvor]
  • Sima Guang (1985). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.27). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 957-32-0847-4.
  • Sima Guang (1986). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.30). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 957-32-0804-0.
  • Sima Guang (1987). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.38). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 957-32-0808-3.
  • Sima Guang (1987). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.41). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 957-32-0864-4.
  • Sima Guang (1987). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.42). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 957-32-0865-2.
  • Sima Guang (1988). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.46). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 957-32-0870-9.
  • Sima Guang (1988). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.47). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 957-32-0881-4.
  • Sima Guang (1988). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.48). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 957-32-0871-7.
  • Sima Guang (1989). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.50). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 957-32-0810-5.

Sekundarne reference

[uredi | uredi izvor]
  • Duan, Lianqin (1988). "Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele". Shanghai: Shanghai People's Press. ISBN 7-208-00110-3.
  • Li, Jihe (2003). "A Research on Migration of Northwestern Minorities Between pre-Qin to Sui and Tang". Beijing: Nationalities Press. ISBN 7-105-05908-7.
  • Lu, Simian [1934] (1996). "A History of Ethnic Groups in China". Beijing: Oriental Press. ISBN 7-5060-0735-5.
  • Pulleyblank, Edwin G (2002). "Central Asia and Non-Chinese Peoples of Ancient China". Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0-86078-859-8.
  • Trever, Camilla (1932). "Excavations in Northern Mongolia (1924-1925)". Leningrad: J. Fedorov Printing House. OCLC 2566311.
  • Shen, Youliang (1998). "A Research on Northern Ethnic Groups and Regimes". Beijing: Central Nationalities University Press. ISBN 7-81056-131-6.
  • Suribadalaha (1986). "New Studies of the Origins of the Mongols". Beijing: Nationalities Press. OCLC 19390448.
  • Wang, Xiaofu (1992). "Political Relationship Between the Chinese, Tibetan and Arab". Beijing: Peking University Press. ISBN 7-301-01962-9.
  • Xue, Zongzheng (1992). "A History of Turks". Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press. ISBN 7-5004-0432-8.
  • Zhang, Bibo, and Dong, Guoyao (2001). "Cultural History of Ancient Northern Ethnic Groups in China". Harbin: Heilongjiang People's Press. ISBN 7-207-03325-7.
  • The Peoples of the West, University of Washington, from the Weilue, by Yu Huan
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