Caelifera

скакавци; Временски распон: горњи Перм — данас
	ларва скакавца
Научна класификација
Домен:	Eukaryota
Царство:	Animalia
Тип:	Arthropoda
Класа:	Insecta
Ред:	Orthoptera
Подред:	Caelifera
натфамилије
	Acridoidea; Eumastacoidea; Pneumoroidea; Pyrgomorphoidea; Tanaoceroidea; Tetrigoidea; Tridactyloidea; Trigonopterygoidea;

Скакавци (Caelifera, Saltatoria) су инсекти правокрилци чије су главне морфолошке карактеристике снажно развијене задње ноге, које им омогућавају кретање скоковима, и антене које су краће од дужине тела.^[1]^[2] Многе врсте могу да праве скокове који су и до 200 пута већи од њихове сопствене дужине. Величина им се креће од 3 до 65 mm, а код тропских врста она може да буде и до 25 cm. Највише воле сува и топла степска станишта. Глава је у тзв. ортогнатом положају, односно, управљена је надоле. Усни апарат је прилагођен за грицкање, а антене се састоје од великог броја чланака (до 550) и најчешће су чекињасте или кончасте. Хране се углавном биљном, а ређе животињском храном (инсектима и др.). Код ових инсеката из јаја се развијају ларве, које личе на одрасле јединке, али су знатно мање. Тело им је обавијено хитинском кутикулом. Пресвлаче се неколико пута и тако расту.

Класификација

Фамилије

Подфамилије

Родови

Abila Stål, 1878
Acantherus Scudder and Cockerell, 1902
Achurum Saussure, 1861
Acrolophitus Thomas, 1871
Aeoloplides Caudell, 1915
Aeropedellus Hebard, 1935
Ageneotettix McNeill, 1897
Agnostokasia Gurney and Rentz, 1964
Agroecotettix Bruner, 1908
Agymnastus Scudder, 1897
Aidemona Brunner, 1893
Amblytropidia Stål, 1873
Amphitornus McNeill, 1897
Anconia Scudder, 1876
Appalachia Rehn and Rehn, 1936
Aptenopedes Scudder, 1877
Argiacris Hebard, 1918
Arphia Stål, 1873
Asemoplus Scudder, 1897
Atractomorpha Saussure, 1861
Aulocara Scudder, 1876
Aztecacris Roberts, 1947
Barracris Gurney, Strohecker and Helfer, 1964
Barytettix Scudder, 1897
Booneacris Rehn and Randell, 1962
Boopedon Thomas, 1870
Bootettix Bruner, 1890
Brachystola Scudder, 1876
Bradynotes Scudder, 1870
Bruneria McNeill, 1897
Buckellacris Rehn and Rehn, 1945
Camnula Stål, 1873
Campylacantha Scudder, 1897
Chimarocephala Scudder, 1875
Chloealtis Harris, 1841
Chloroplus Hebard, 1918
Chorthippus Fieber, 1852
Chortophaga Saussure, 1884
Chrysochraon Fischer, 1853
Cibolacris Hebard, 1937
Circotettix Scudder, 1876
Clematodes Scudder, 1900
Conalcaea Scudder, 1897
Conozoa Saussure, 1884
Cordillacris Rehn, 1901
Cratypedes Scudder, 1876
Dactylotum Charpentier, 1843
Dendrotettix Packard, 1890
Derotmema Scudder, 1876
Dichromorpha Morse, 1896
Dissosteira Scudder, 1876
Dracotettix Bruner, 1889
Ellipes Scudder, 1902
Encoptolophus Scudder, 1875
Eotettix Scudder, 1897
Eritettix Bruner, 1890
Esselenia Hebard, 1920
Eumorsea Hebard, 1935
Eupnigodes McNeill, 1897
Eximacris Otte, 1984
Gymnoscirtetes Scudder, 1897
Hadrotettix Scudder, 1876
Hebardacris Rehn, 1952
Heliastus Saussure, 1884
Heliaula Caudell, 1915
Hesperotettix Scudder, 1875
Hippiscus Saussure, 1861
Hippopedon Saussure, 1861
Horesidotes Scudder, 1899
Hypochlora Brunner, 1863
Hypsalonia Gurney and Eades, 1961
Karokia Rehn, 1964
Lactista Saussure, 1884
Leprus Saussure, 1861
Leptysma Stål, 1873
Leuronotina Hebard, 1932
Ligurotettix McNeill, 1897
Melanoplus Stål, 1873
Mermiria Stål, 1873
Mestobregma Scudder, 1876
Metaleptea Giglio-Tos, 1897
Metator McNeill, 1901
Microtes Scudder, 1900
Mohavacris Rehn, 1948
Morsea Scudder, 1898
Neotettix Hancock, 1898
Neotridactylus Günther, 1972
Nisquallia Rehn, 1952
Nomotettix Morse, 1894
Oedaleonotus Scudder, 1897
Opeia McNeill, 1897
Orphulella Giglio-Tos, 1894
Oxya Serville, 1831
Paraidemona Brunner, 1893
Paratettix I. Bolivar, 1887
Paratylotropidia Brunner, 1893
Pardalophora Saussure, 1884
Paropomala Scudder, 1899
Paroxya Scudder, 1877
Paxilla I. Bolivar, 1887
Phaedrotettix Scudder, 1897
Phaulotettix Scudder, 1897
Phlibostroma Scudder, 1875
Phoetaliotes Scudder, 1897
Phrynotettix Glover, 1872
Podisma Berthold, 1827
Poecilotettix Scudder, 1897
Prorocorypha Rehn, 1911
Prumnacris Rehn and Rehn, 1944
Pseudopomala Morse, 1896
Psilotettix Bruner, 1908
Psinidia Stål, 1873
Psoloessa Scudder, 1875
Psychomastax Rehn and Hebard, 1918
Rhabdotettix Scudder, 1897
Rhammatocerus Saussure, 1861
Romalea Serville, 1831
Schistocerca Stål, 1873
Shotwellia Gurney, 1940
Sinaloa Scudder, 1897
Spaniacris Hebard, 1937
Spharagemon Scudder, 1875
Stenacris F. Walker, 1870
Stethophyma Fischer, 1853
Sticthippus Scudder, 1892
Syrbula Stål, 1873
Taeniopoda Stål, 1873
Tanaocerus Bruner, 1906
Teinophaus Bruner, 1908
Tetrix Latreille, 1804
Tettigidea Scudder, 1863
Tomonotus Saussure, 1861
Trachyrhachys Scudder, 1876
Trepidulus McNeill, 1901
Trimerotropis Stål, 1873
Tropidolophus Thomas, 1873
Tytthotyle Scudder, 1897
Xanthippus Saussure, 1884
Xeracris Caudell, 1915

Врсте

Abila christianeae Carbonell, 2002
Abila descampsi Carbonell, 2002
Acantherus piperatus Scudder and Cockerell, 1902
Achurum carinatum (F. Walker, 1870)
Achurum minimipenne Caudell, 1904
Achurum sumichrasti (Saussure, 1861)
Acrolophitus hirtipes (Say, 1825)
Acrolophitus maculipennis (Scudder, 1890)
Acrolophitus nevadensis (Thomas, 1873)
Acrolophitus pulchellus (Bruner, 1889)
Aeoloplides californicus (Scudder, 1897)
Aeoloplides chenopodii (Bruner, 1894)
Aeoloplides elegans (Scudder, 1897)
Aeoloplides fratercula (Hebard, 1919)
Aeoloplides fuscipes (Scudder, 1897)
Aeoloplides minor (Bruner, 1904)
Aeoloplides rotundipennis Wallace, 1955
Aeoloplides tenuipennis (Scudder, 1897)
Aeoloplides turnbulli (Thomas, 1872)
Aeropedellus arcticus Hebard, 1935
Aeropedellus clavatus (Thomas, 1873)
Ageneotettix brevipennis (Bruner, 1904)
Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder, 1876)
Ageneotettix salutator (Rehn, 1927)
Agnostokasia sublima Gurney and Rentz, 1964
Agroecotettix modestus Bruner, 1908
Agymnastus ingens (Scudder, 1877)
Agymnastus venerabilis Rentz, 1978
Aidemona azteca (Saussure, 1861)
Amblytropidia mysteca (Saussure, 1861)
Amphitornus coloradus (Thomas, 1873)
Anconia grisea Bruner, 1906
Anconia hebardi Rehn, 1919
Anconia integra Scudder, 1876
Appalachia arcana Hubbell and Cantrall, 1938
Appalachia hebardi Rehn and Rehn, 1936
Aptenopedes aptera Scudder, 1878
Aptenopedes hubbelli Hebard, 1936
Aptenopedes nigropicta Hebard, 1936
Aptenopedes robusta Hebard, 1936
Aptenopedes rufovittata Scudder, 1878
Aptenopedes sphenarioides Scudder, 1878
Argiacris amissuli Gurney, 1971
Argiacris keithi Gurney, 1971
Argiacris militaris (Scudder, 1897)
Argiacris rehni Hebard, 1918
Arphia behrensi Saussure, 1884
Arphia conspersa Scudder, 1875
Arphia granulata Saussure, 1884
Arphia pecos Otte, 1984
Arphia pseudonietana (Thomas, 1870)
Arphia pulchripennis Bruner, 1905
Arphia ramona Rehn, 1902
Arphia saussureana Bruner, 1889
Arphia simplex Scudder, 1875
Arphia sulphurea (Fabricius, 1781)
Arphia xanthoptera (Burmeister, 1838)
Asemoplus hispidus (Bruner, 1885)
Asemoplus montanus (Bruner, 1885)
Asemoplus sierranus Hebard, 1936
Atractomorpha sinensis I. Bolivar, 1905
Aulocara brevipennis (Bruner, 1905)
Aulocara elliotti (Thomas, 1870)
Aulocara femoratum Scudder, 1899
Aztecacris gloriosus (Hebard, 1935)
Barracris petraea Gurney, Strohecker and Helfer, 1964
Barytettix humphreysi (Thomas, 1875)
Booneacris alticola Rehn and Randell, 1962
Booneacris glacialis (Scudder, 1863)
Booneacris polita (Scudder, 1898)
Booneacris variegata (Scudder, 1897)
Boopedon auriventris McNeill, 1899
Boopedon flaviventris Bruner, 1904
Boopedon gracile Rehn, 1904
Boopedon nubilum (Say, 1825)
Bootettix argentatus Bruner, 1890
Brachystola magna (Girard, 1853)
Bradynotes obesa (Thomas, 1872)
Bruneria brunnea (Thomas, 1871)
Bruneria shastana (Scudder, 1881)
Bruneria yukonensis Vickery, 1969
Buckellacris chilcotinae (Hebard, 1922)
Buckellacris hispida (Bruner, 1885)
Buckellacris nuda (E. M. Walker, 1889)
Camnula pellucida (Scudder, 1863)
Campylacantha acutipennis (Scudder, 1875)
Campylacantha lamprotata Rehn and Hebard, 1909
Campylacantha olivacea (Scudder, 1875)
Campylacantha vegana Scudder and Cockerell, 1902
Campylacantha vivax (Scudder, 1876)
Chimarocephala elongata Rentz, 1977
Chimarocephala pacifica (Thomas, 1873)
Chloealtis abdominalis (Thomas, 1873)
Chloealtis aspasma Rehn and Hebard, 1919
Chloealtis conspersa (Harris, 1841)
Chloealtis dianae (Gurney, Strohecker and Helfer, 1964)
Chloealtis gracilis (McNeill, 1897)
Chloroplus cactocaetes Hebard, 1918
Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris, 1835)
Chortophaga australior Rehn and Hebard, 1911
Chortophaga mendocino Rentz, 1977
Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer, 1773)
Chrysochraon decorum Scudder, 1876
Cibolacris crypticus (Vickery, 1969)
Cibolacris parviceps (F. Walker, 1870)
Cibolacris samalayucae Tinkham, 1961
Circotettix carlinianus (Thomas, 1870)
Circotettix coconino Rehn, 1921
Circotettix crotalum Rehn, 1921
Circotettix maculatus Scudder, 1881
Circotettix rabula Rehn and Hebard, 1906
Circotettix shastanus Bruner, 1889
Circotettix stenometopus (Strohecker and Buxton, 1963)
Circotettix strepitus (Rehn, 1921)
Circotettix undulatus (Thomas, 1872)
Clematodes larreae Cockerell, 1901
Clematodes vanduzeei Hebard, 1923
Conalcaea cantralli Gurney, 1951
Conalcaea huachucana Rehn, 1907
Conozoa carinata Rehn, 1907
Conozoa clementina (Rentz and Weissman, 1981)
Conozoa constricta (Henderson, 1924)
Conozoa hyalina (McNeill, 1901)
Conozoa nicola (Rentz and Weissman, 1981)
Conozoa rebellis Saussure, 1888
Conozoa sulcifrons (Scudder, 1876)
Conozoa texana Bruner, 1889
Cordillacris crenulata (Bruner, 1889)
Cordillacris occipitalis (Thomas, 1873)
Cratypedes lateritius (Saussure, 1884)
Cratypedes neglectus (Thomas, 1870)
Dactylotum bicolor Charpentier, 1843
Dendrotettix australis (Morse, 1907)
Dendrotettix quercus Packard, 1890
Dendrotettix zimmermanni (Saussure, 1861)
Derotmema delicatulum Scudder, 1901
Derotmema haydeni (Thomas, 1872)
Derotmema laticinctum Scudder, 1901
Derotmema piute Rehn, 1919
Derotmema saussureanum Scudder, 1901
Dichromorpha elegans (Morse, 1896)
Dichromorpha prominula (Bruner, 1904)
Dichromorpha viridis (Scudder, 1863)
Dissosteira carolina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dissosteira longipennis (Thomas, 1872)
Dissosteira pictipennis Bruner, 1905
Dissosteira spurcata Saussure, 1884
Dracotettix monstrosus Bruner, 1889
Dracotettix plutonius Bruner, 1893
Ellipes gurneyi Günther, 1977
Ellipes minimus Bruner, 1916
Ellipes minutus (Scudder, 1892)
Ellipes monticolus Günther, 1977
Encoptolophus californicus Bruner, 1905
Encoptolophus costalis (Scudder, 1863)
Encoptolophus fuliginosus Bruner, 1905
Encoptolophus otomitus (Saussure, 1861)
Encoptolophus pallidus Bruner, 1893
Encoptolophus robustus Rehn and Hebard, 1909
Encoptolophus sordidus (Burmeister, 1838)
Encoptolophus subgracilis Caudell, 1903
Eotettix davisi Hebard, 1918
Eotettix hebardi Rehn, 1906
Eotettix palustris Morse, 1904
Eotettix pusillus Morse, 1904
Eotettix quercicola Hebard, 1918
Eotettix signatus Scudder, 1897
Eritettix abortivus Bruner, 1890
Eritettix obscurus (Scudder, 1878)
Eritettix simplex (Scudder, 1869)
Esselenia vanduzeei Hebard, 1920
Eumorsea balli Hebard, 1935
Eumorsea pinaleno Rehn and Grant, 1959
Eupnigodes megacephala (McNeill, 1897)
Eupnigodes sierranus (Rehn and Hebard, 1909)
Eximacris phenax Otte, 1984
Eximacris superbum (Hebard, 1937)
Gymnoscirtetes morsei Hebard, 1918
Gymnoscirtetes pusillus Scudder, 1897
Hadrotettix magnificus (Rehn, 1907)
Hadrotettix trifasciatus (Say, 1828)
Hebardacris albida (Hebard, 1920)
Hebardacris excelsa (Rehn, 1907)
Hebardacris mono Rehn, 1964
Heliastus azteca (Saussure, 1884)
Heliastus benjamini Caudell, 1905
Heliastus subroseus Caudell, 1904
Heliaula rufa (Scudder, 1899)
Hesperotettix coloradensis Bruner, 1904
Hesperotettix curtipennis Scudder, 1897
Hesperotettix floridensis Morse, 1901
Hesperotettix gemmicula Hebard, 1918
Hesperotettix nevadensis Morse, 1906
Hesperotettix osceola Hebard, 1918
Hesperotettix pacificus Scudder, 1897
Hesperotettix speciosus (Scudder, 1872)
Hesperotettix viridis (Thomas, 1872)
Hippiscus ocelote (Saussure, 1861)
Hippopedon capito (Stål, 1873)
Hippopedon gracilipes (Caudell, 1905)
Horesidotes cinereus Scudder, 1899
Hypochlora alba (Dodge, 1876)
Hypsalonia merga Gurney and Buxton, 1963
Hypsalonia miwoki Gurney and Eades, 1961
Hypsalonia petasata Gurney and Eades, 1961
Hypsalonia rentzi Gurney and Eades, 1961
Hypsalonia satur (Scudder, 1897)
Hypsalonia tioga Gurney and Eades, 1961
Karokia blanci (Rehn, 1964)
Karokia memorialis Gurney and Buxton, 1968
Lactista azteca (Saussure, 1861)
Lactista gibbosus Saussure, 1884
Leprus elephas (Saussure, 1861)
Leprus intermedius Saussure, 1884
Leprus wheelerii (Thomas, 1875)
Leptysma marginicollis (Serville, 1839)
Leuronotina ritensis (Rehn, 1912)
Ligurotettix coquilletti McNeill, 1897
Ligurotettix planum (Bruner, 1904)
Melanoplus ablutus Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus acidocercus Hebard, 1919
Melanoplus acrophilus Hebard, 1935
Melanoplus adelogyrus Hubbell, 1932
Melanoplus alabamae Hebard, 1920
Melanoplus alexanderi Hilliard, 2001
Melanoplus alpinus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus angularis Little, 1932
Melanoplus angustipennis (Dodge, 1877)
Melanoplus apalachicolae Hubbell, 1932
Melanoplus aridus (Scudder, 1878)
Melanoplus arizonae Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus artemesiae Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus ascensor (Scudder, 1897)
Melanoplus ascensus Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus aspasmus Hebard, 1919
Melanoplus attenuatus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus bakeri Hebard, 1932
Melanoplus beameri Hebard, 1932
Melanoplus benni Otte, 2002
Melanoplus bernardinae Hebard, 1920
Melanoplus birchimi Rentz, 1978
Melanoplus bispinosus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus bivittatus (Say, 1825)
Melanoplus borealis (Fieber, 1853)
Melanoplus bowditchi Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus bruneri Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus buxtoni Strohecker, 1963
Melanoplus calidus Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus cameronis Roberts, 1947
Melanoplus cancri Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus cantralli Dakin, 1966
Melanoplus carnegiei Morse, 1904
Melanoplus caroli Gurney and Helfer, 1960
Melanoplus celatus Morse, 1904
Melanoplus cherokee Hebard, 1935
Melanoplus chimariki Gurney and Buxton, 1963
Melanoplus chiricahuae Hebard, 1922
Melanoplus chumash Rentz, 1978
Melanoplus cinereus Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus clypeatus (Scudder, 1877)
Melanoplus complanatipes Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus confusus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus cuneatus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus daemon Strohecker, 1963
Melanoplus dakini Hilliard, 2001
Melanoplus dawsoni (Scudder, 1875)
Melanoplus dealbatus Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus debilis Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus deceptus Morse, 1904
Melanoplus decoratus Morse, 1904
Melanoplus decorus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus deletor (Scudder, 1875)
Melanoplus desultorius Rehn, 1907
Melanoplus devastator Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus devius Morse, 1904
Melanoplus diablo Rentz, 1978
Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas, 1865)
Melanoplus digitifer Hebard, 1936
Melanoplus dimidipennis Bruner, 1904
Melanoplus diminutus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus discolor (Scudder, 1878)
Melanoplus divergens Morse, 1904
Melanoplus dodgei (Thomas, 1871)
Melanoplus edeva Rentz, 1978
Melanoplus elaphrus Strohecker, 1963
Melanoplus elater Strohecker, 1963
Melanoplus eremitus Strohecker, 1963
Melanoplus eumera Hebard, 1920
Melanoplus eurycercus Hebard, 1920
Melanoplus fasciatus (F. Walker, 1870)
Melanoplus femurnigrum Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus femurrubrum (De Geer, 1773)
Melanoplus flabellatus (Scudder, 1878)
Melanoplus flavidus Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus foedus Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus forcipatus Hubbell, 1932
Melanoplus foxi Hebard, 1923
Melanoplus franciscanus Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus fricki Strohecker, 1960
Melanoplus frigidus (Boheman, 1846)
Melanoplus fultoni Hebard, 1922
Melanoplus furcatus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus gaspesiensis Vickery, 1970
Melanoplus gladstoni Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus glaucipes (Scudder, 1875)
Melanoplus goedeni Gurney and Buxton, 1968
Melanoplus gordonae Vickery, 1969
Melanoplus gracilipes Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus gracilis (Bruner, 1876)
Melanoplus gurneyi Strohecker, 1960
Melanoplus haigi Gurney and Buxton, 1968
Melanoplus harperi Gurney and Buxton, 1965
Melanoplus harrisi Morse, 1904
Melanoplus herbaceus Bruner, 1893
Melanoplus hesperus Hebard, 1919
Melanoplus hubbelli Hebard, 1935
Melanoplus hupah Strohecker and Helfer, 1963
Melanoplus huporeus Hebard, 1919
Melanoplus huroni Blatchley, 1898
Melanoplus idaho Hebard, 1935
Melanoplus immunis Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus impudicus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus inconspicuus Caudell, 1902
Melanoplus indicifer Hubbell, 1933
Melanoplus indigens Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus infantilis Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus islandicus Blatchley, 1898
Melanoplus jucundus (Scudder, 1876)
Melanoplus juvencus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus kasadi Gurney and Buxton, 1968
Melanoplus keeleri Thomas, 1874
Melanoplus keiferi Gurney and Buxton, 1963
Melanoplus kennicotti Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus lakinus (Scudder, 1878)
Melanoplus lanthanus Hewitt and Skoog, 1970
Melanoplus latifercula Caudell, 1903
Melanoplus lemhiensis Hebard, 1935
Melanoplus lepidus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus ligneolus Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus lilianae Otte, 2002
Melanoplus lithophilus Gurney and Buxton, 1965
Melanoplus littoralis Roberts, 1942
Melanoplus longicornis (Saussure, 1861)
Melanoplus longipsolus Rentz, 1978
Melanoplus lovetti Fulton, 1930
Melanoplus macclungi Rehn, 1946
Melanoplus madeleineae Vickery and Kevan, 1977
Melanoplus magdalenae Hebard, 1935
Melanoplus mancus (Smith, 1868)
Melanoplus marginatus (Scudder, 1876)
Melanoplus marshallii (Thomas, 1875)
Melanoplus mastigiphallus Strohecker, 1941
Melanoplus meridae Roberts, 1942
Melanoplus meridionalis Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus mexicanus (Saussure, 1861)
Melanoplus microtatus Hebard, 1919
Melanoplus middlekauffi Rentz, 1978
Melanoplus militaris Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus mirus Rehn and Hebard, 1916
Melanoplus missoulae Hebard, 1936
Melanoplus montanus (Thomas, 1873)
Melanoplus morsei Blatchley, 1903
Melanoplus muricolor Strohecker, 1960
Melanoplus murieta Rentz, 1978
Melanoplus nanciae Deyrup, 1997
Melanoplus nanus Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus neomexicanus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus nigrescens (Scudder, 1877)
Melanoplus nitidus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus novato Rentz, 1978
Melanoplus nubilus Rehn and Hebard, 1916
Melanoplus obespsolus Rentz and Weissman, 1981
Melanoplus occidentalis (Thomas, 1872)
Melanoplus oklahomae Hebard, 1937
Melanoplus olamentke Hebard, 1920
Melanoplus ordwayae Deyrup, 1997
Melanoplus oregonensis (Thomas, 1876)
Melanoplus oreophilus Hebard, 1920
Melanoplus ostentus Gurney and Buxton, 1968
Melanoplus pachycercus Hebard, 1935
Melanoplus packardii Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus papyraedus Strohecker, 1963
Melanoplus payettei Hebard, 1936
Melanoplus pegasus Hebard, 1919
Melanoplus peninsularis Hubbell, 1932
Melanoplus picropidzae Hebard, 1937
Melanoplus pictus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus pinaleno Hebard, 1937
Melanoplus pinctus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus pinicola Fulton, 1930
Melanoplus platycercus Hebard, 1920
Melanoplus plebejus (Stål, 1878)
Melanoplus ponderosus (Scudder, 1875)
Melanoplus primaestivus Dakin, 1966
Melanoplus propinquus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus puer (Scudder, 1878)
Melanoplus punctulatus (Scudder, 1863)
Melanoplus pygmaeus Davis, 1915
Melanoplus quercicola (Hebard, 1918)
Melanoplus querneus Rehn and Hebard, 1916
Melanoplus reflexus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus regalis (Dodge, 1876)
Melanoplus rehni Hebard, 1920
Melanoplus rentzi Otte, 1995
Melanoplus repetinus Hebard, 1935
Melanoplus reyesensis Rentz, 1978
Melanoplus rileyanus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus rotundipennis (Scudder, 1877)
Melanoplus rugglesi Gurney, 1949
Melanoplus rusticus (Stål, 1878)
Melanoplus salmonis Hebard, 1935
Melanoplus saltator Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius, 1798)
Melanoplus scapularis Rehn and Hebard, 1916
Melanoplus scitulus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus scudderi (Uhler, 1864)
Melanoplus seminole Hubbell, 1932
Melanoplus serrulatus Hebard, 1937
Melanoplus similis Morse, 1904
Melanoplus siskiyou Strohecker, 1963
Melanoplus snowii Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus solitudinis Hebard, 1935
Melanoplus sonomaensis Caudell, 1905
Melanoplus splendidus Hebard, 1920
Melanoplus spretus (Walsh, 1866)
Melanoplus stegocercus Rehn and Hebard, 1916
Melanoplus stonei Rehn, 1904
Melanoplus strumosus Morse, 1904
Melanoplus sumichrasti (Saussure, 1861)
Melanoplus sylvaticus McNeill, 1899
Melanoplus sylvestris Morse, 1904
Melanoplus symmetricus Morse, 1904
Melanoplus tepidus Morse, 1906
Melanoplus tequestae Hubbell, 1932
Melanoplus terminalis Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus texanus (Scudder, 1878)
Melanoplus thomasi Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus tribuloides Morse, 1906
Melanoplus tribulus Morse, 1904
Melanoplus trigeminus Strohecker, 1963
Melanoplus tristis Bruner, 1904
Melanoplus truncatus Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus tuberculatus Morse, 1906
Melanoplus tumidicercus Hubbell, 1932
Melanoplus tunicae Hebard, 1920
Melanoplus validus Scudder, 1898
Melanoplus variegatus (Scudder, 1878)
Melanoplus virgatus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus viridipes Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus vulnus Eades, 1959
Melanoplus walshii Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus wappo Rentz, 1978
Melanoplus warneri Little, 1932
Melanoplus washingtonius (Bruner, 1885)
Melanoplus wilsoni Gurney, 1960
Melanoplus wintunus Strohecker and Helfer, 1963
Melanoplus withlacoocheensis Squitier and Deyrup, 1998
Melanoplus yarrowii (Thomas, 1875)
Mermiria bivittata (Serville, 1839)
Mermiria intertexta Scudder, 1899
Mermiria picta (F. Walker, 1870)
Mermiria texana Bruner, 1889
Mestobregma impexum Rehn, 1919
Mestobregma plattei (Thomas, 1873)
Mestobregma terricolor Rehn, 1919
Metaleptea brevicornis (Johannson, 1763)
Metator nevadensis (Bruner, 1905)
Metator pardalinus (Saussure, 1884)
Microtes helferi (Strohecker, 1960)
Microtes occidentalis (Bruner, 1893)
Microtes pogonata (Strohecker, 1963)
Mohavacris timberlakei Rehn, 1948
Morsea californica Scudder, 1898
Morsea catalinae Rentz and Weissman, 1981
Morsea dumicola Rehn and Hebard, 1918
Morsea islandica Rentz and Weissman, 1981
Morsea kaibabensis Rehn and Grant, 1958
Morsea piute Rehn and Grant, 1958
Morsea tamalpaisensis Rehn and Hebard, 1909
Neotettix femoratus (Scudder, 1869)
Neotettix nullisinus (Hancock, 1919)
Neotettix proavus Rehn and Hebard, 1916
Neotettix proteus Rehn and Hebard, 1916
Neotridactylus apicialis (Say, 1825)
Neotridactylus archboldi Deyrup and Eisner, 1996
Nisquallia olympica Rehn, 1952
Nomotettix cristatus (Scudder, 1863)
Nomotettix parvus Morse, 1895
Oedaleonotus borckii (Stål, 1860)
Oedaleonotus enigma (Scudder, 1876)
Oedaleonotus orientis Hebard, 1920
Oedaleonotus pacificus (Scudder, 1881)
Oedaleonotus phryneicus Hebard, 1919
Oedaleonotus pictus (Scudder, 1899)
Oedaleonotus tenuipennis (Scudder, 1897)
Oedaleonotus truncatus Rehn, 1907
Oedaleonotus werneri Yin and Smith, 1989
Opeia atascosa Hebard, 1937
Opeia obscura (Thomas, 1872)
Orphulella pelidna (Burmeister, 1838)
Orphulella speciosa (Scudder, 1863)
Oxya velox (Fabricius, 1787)
Paraidemona fratercula Hebard, 1918
Paraidemona latifurcula Hebard, 1918
Paraidemona mimica Scudder, 1897
Paraidemona nudus (Scudder, 1878)
Paraidemona nuttingi Yin and Smith, 1989
Paraidemona olsoni Yin and Smith, 1989
Paraidemona punctata (Stål, 1878)
Paratettix aztecus (Saussure, 1861)
Paratettix brevipennis (Hancock, 1902)
Paratettix cucullatus (Burmeister, 1838)
Paratettix freygessneri Saussure, 1887
Paratettix mexicanus (Saussure, 1861)
Paratettix rugosus (Scudder, 1863)
Paratettix toltecus (Saussure, 1861)
Paratylotropidia beutenmuelleri Morse, 1907
Paratylotropidia brunneri Scudder, 1897
Paratylotropidia morsei Rehn and Rehn, 1943
Pardalophora apiculata (Harris, 1835)
Pardalophora haldemanii (Scudder, 1872)
Pardalophora phoenicoptera (Burmeister, 1838)
Pardalophora saussurei (Scudder, 1892)
Paropomala pallida Bruner, 1904
Paropomala virgata Scudder, 1899
Paropomala wyomingensis (Thomas, 1871)
Paroxya atlantica Scudder, 1877
Paroxya clavuliger (Serville, 1839)
Paroxya hoosieri (Blatchley, 1892)
Paroxya paroxyoides (Scudder, 1897)
Paroxya recta Scudder, 1877
Paxilla obesa (Scudder, 1877)
Phaedrotettix accola (Scudder, 1897)
Phaedrotettix dumicola (Scudder, 1878)
Phaulotettix eurycercus Hebard, 1918
Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum (Thomas, 1871)
Phoetaliotes nebrascensis (Thomas, 1872)
Phrynotettix robustus (Bruner, 1889)
Phrynotettix tshivavensis (Haldeman, 1852)
Podisma hesperus (Hebard, 1936)
Poecilotettix sanguineus Scudder, 1897
Prorocorypha snowi Rehn, 1911
Prumnacris rainierensis (Caudell, 1907)
Pseudopomala brachyptera (Scudder, 1863)
Psilotettix obesus Bruner, 1908
Psinidia amplicornis Caudell, 1903
Psinidia fenestralis (Serville, 1839)
Psoloessa delicatula (Scudder, 1876)
Psoloessa texana Scudder, 1875
Psychomastax deserticola Hebard, 1934
Psychomastax inyo Rehn and Grant, 1959
Psychomastax psylla Rehn and Hebard, 1918
Psychomastax robusta Hebard, 1934
Rhabdotettix concinnus Scudder, 1897
Rhammatocerus viatorius (Saussure, 1861)
Romalea microptera (Beauvois, 1817)
Schistocerca albolineata (Thomas, 1875)
Schistocerca alutacea (Harris, 1841)
Schistocerca americana (Drury, 1773)
Schistocerca camerata Scudder, 1899
Schistocerca ceratiola Hubbell and Walker, 1928
Schistocerca damnifica (Saussure, 1861)
Schistocerca emarginata (Scudder, 1872)
Schistocerca impleta (F. Walker, 1870)
Schistocerca lineata Scudder, 1899
Schistocerca nitens (Thunberg, 1815)
Schistocerca obscura (Fabricius, 1798)
Schistocerca rubiginosa (Harris, 1863)
Schistocerca shoshone (Thomas, 1873)
Shotwellia isleta Gurney, 1940
Sinaloa garabe Otte and Cohn, 2002
Sinaloa isena Otte and Cohn, 2002
Sinaloa jubaami Otte and Cohn, 2002
Sinaloa sipuri Otte and Cohn, 2002
Sinaloa uri Otte and Cohn, 2002
Spaniacris deserticola (Bruner, 1906)
Spharagemon bolli Scudder, 1875
Spharagemon bunites Otte, 1984
Spharagemon campestris (McNeill, 1901)
Spharagemon collare (Scudder, 1872)
Spharagemon crepitans (Saussure, 1884)
Spharagemon cristatum Scudder, 1875
Spharagemon equale (Say, 1825)
Spharagemon marmorata (Harris, 1841)
Spharagemon saxatile Morse, 1894
Stenacris vitreipennis (Marschall, 1836)
Stethophyma celatum Otte, 1979
Stethophyma gracile (Scudder, 1863)
Stethophyma lineatum (Scudder, 1863)
Sticthippus californicus (Scudder, 1892)
Syrbula admirabilis (Uhler, 1864)
Syrbula montezuma (Saussure, 1861)
Taeniopoda eques (Burmeister, 1838)
Tanaocerus koebelei Bruner, 1906
Teinophaus matilei Amédégnato and Poulain, 2000
Tetrix americana Hancock, 1909
Tetrix arenosa Burmeister, 1838
Tetrix bipunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tetrix brunneri (I. Bolivar, 1877)
Tetrix granulata (Kirby, 1837)
Tetrix ornata (Say, 1824)
Tetrix sierrana Rehn and Grant, 1956
Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus, 1761)
Tettigidea acuta Morse, 1895
Tettigidea armata Morse, 1895
Tettigidea empedonepia Hubbell, 1937
Tettigidea lateralis (Say, 1824)
Tettigidea prorsa Scudder, 1877
Tomonotus ferruginosus Bruner, 1905
Trachyrhachys aspera Scudder, 1876
Trachyrhachys coronata Scudder, 1876
Trachyrhachys kiowa (Thomas, 1872)
Trepidulus hyalinus (Scudder, 1901)
Trepidulus penelope (Caudell, 1901)
Trepidulus rosaceus (Scudder, 1901)
Trimerotropis agrestis McNeill, 1900
Trimerotropis albescens McNeill, 1901
Trimerotropis arenacea Rehn, 1910
Trimerotropis arizonensis Tinkham, 1947
Trimerotropis barnumi Tinkham, 1960
Trimerotropis bernardi Rentz and Weissman, 1984
Trimerotropis bifasciata Bruner, 1889
Trimerotropis californica Bruner, 1889
Trimerotropis cincta (Thomas, 1870)
Trimerotropis cyaneipennis Bruner, 1889
Trimerotropis diversellus Hebard, 1928
Trimerotropis fontana Thomas, 1876
Trimerotropis fratercula McNeill, 1901
Trimerotropis gracilis (Thomas, 1872)
Trimerotropis huroniana E. M. Walker, 1902
Trimerotropis inconspicua Bruner, 1904
Trimerotropis infantilis Rentz and Weissman, 1984
Trimerotropis inyo Rentz and Weissman, 1984
Trimerotropis koebelei (Bruner, 1889)
Trimerotropis latifasciata Scudder, 1881
Trimerotropis leucophaea Rentz and Weissman, 1984
Trimerotropis maritima (Harris, 1841)
Trimerotropis melanoptera McNeill, 1901
Trimerotropis modesta Bruner, 1889
Trimerotropis occidentalis (Bruner, 1889)
Trimerotropis occidentiloides Rentz and Weissman, 1981
Trimerotropis occulens Otte, 1984
Trimerotropis pacifica Bruner, 1889
Trimerotropis pallidipennis (Burmeister, 1838)
Trimerotropis pistrinaria Saussure, 1884
Trimerotropis pseudofasciata Scudder, 1876
Trimerotropis salina McNeill, 1901
Trimerotropis santabarbara Rentz and Weissman, 1981
Trimerotropis saxatilis McNeill, 1900
Trimerotropis schaefferi Caudell, 1904
Trimerotropis sparsa (Thomas, 1875)
Trimerotropis thalassica Bruner, 1889
Trimerotropis titusi Caudell, 1905
Trimerotropis topanga Rentz and Weissman, 1981
Trimerotropis verruculata (Kirby, 1837)
Trimerotropis whitei Rentz and Weissman, 1984
Tropidolophus formosus (Say, 1825)
Tytthotyle maculata (Bruner, 1889)
Xanthippus aquilonius Otte, 1984
Xanthippus brooksi Vickery, 1967
Xanthippus corallipes (Haldeman, 1852)
Xanthippus montanus (Thomas, 1871)
Xanthippus olancha (Caudell, 1921)
Xeracris minimus (Scudder, 1900)
Xeracris snowi (Caudell, 1915)

Подврсте

Aeoloplides chenopodii arcuatus (Rehn, 1902)
Aeoloplides chenopodii chenopodii (Bruner, 1894)
Aeoloplides turnbulli bruneri (Caudell, 1907)
Aeoloplides turnbulli turnbulli (Thomas, 1872)
Agroecotettix modestus aristus (Hebard, 1922)
Agroecotettix modestus crypsidomus Hebard, 1922
Agroecotettix modestus modestus Bruner, 1908
Amphitornus coloradus coloradus (Thomas, 1873)
Amphitornus coloradus saltator Hebard, 1937
Aptenopedes aptera aptera Scudder, 1878
Aptenopedes aptera borealis Hebard, 1936
Aptenopedes aptera coquinae Hebard, 1936
Aptenopedes aptera saturiba Hebard, 1936
Aptenopedes aptera simplex Hebard, 1936
Aptenopedes sphenarioides appalachee Hebard, 1936
Aptenopedes sphenarioides clara Rehn, 1902
Aptenopedes sphenarioides sphenarioides Scudder, 1878
Argiacris militaris laticerca Gurney, 1971
Argiacris militaris militaris (Scudder, 1897)
Barytettix humphreysi cochisei Gurney, 1951
Barytettix humphreysi humphreysi (Thomas, 1875)
Booneacris glacialis amplicerca (Caudell, 1936)
Booneacris glacialis canadensis (E. M. Walker, 1903)
Booneacris glacialis glacialis (Scudder, 1863)
Boopedon nubilum maculatum Caudell, 1915
Boopedon nubilum nubilum (Say, 1825)
Bradynotes obesa caurus Scudder, 1897
Bradynotes obesa deplanata Hebard, 1919
Bradynotes obesa kaibab Hebard, 1919
Bradynotes obesa obesa (Thomas, 1872)
Bradynotes obesa opima Scudder, 1881
Bradynotes obesa referta Scudder, 1897
Buckellacris chilcotinae chilcotinae (Hebard, 1922)
Buckellacris chilcotinae tacoma Rehn and Rehn, 1945
Buckellacris nuda nuda (E. M. Walker, 1889)
Buckellacris nuda relicta Rehn and Rehn, 1945
Campylacantha olivacea olivacea (Scudder, 1875)
Chorthippus curtipennis californicus Vickery, 1967
Chorthippus curtipennis curtipennis (Harris, 1835)
Clematodes vanduzeei papago Rehn and Eades, 1961
Clematodes vanduzeei vanduzeei Hebard, 1923
Conalcaea huachucana coyoterae Hebard, 1922
Conalcaea huachucana huachucana Rehn, 1907
Dactylotum bicolor bicolor Charpentier, 1843
Dactylotum bicolor pictum (Thomas, 1870)
Dactylotum bicolor variegatum (Scudder, 1878)
Ellipes gurneyi gurneyi Günther, 1977
Ellipes minimus floridanus Günther, 1977
Ellipes minimus minimus Bruner, 1916
Ellipes minutus minutus (Scudder, 1892)
Esselenia vanduzeei vanduzeei Hebard, 1920
Esselenia vanduzeei violae Rentz, 1966
Hesperotettix nevadensis gillettei Bruner, 1904
Hesperotettix nevadensis nevadensis Morse, 1906
Hesperotettix nevadensis terminus Hebard, 1918
Hesperotettix pacificus capillatus Hebard, 1919
Hesperotettix pacificus pacificus Scudder, 1897
Hesperotettix viridis brevipennis (Thomas, 1874)
Hesperotettix viridis pratensis Scudder, 1897
Hesperotettix viridis viridis (Thomas, 1872)
Horesidotes cinereus cinereus Scudder, 1899
Horesidotes cinereus saltator Hebard, 1931
Leptysma marginicollis hebardi Rehn and Eades, 1961
Leptysma marginicollis marginicollis (Serville, 1839)
Melanoplus borealis borealis (Fieber, 1853)
Melanoplus borealis palaceus Fulton, 1930
Melanoplus borealis stupefactus (Scudder, 1876)
Melanoplus borealis utahensis Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus bowditchi bowditchi Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus bowditchi canus Hebard, 1925
Melanoplus cinereus cinereus Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus cinereus cyanipes Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus complanatipes canonicus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus complanatipes complanatipes Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus desultorius desultorius Rehn, 1907
Melanoplus devastator conspicuus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus devastator devastator Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus devastator obscurus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus differentialis differentialis (Thomas, 1865)
Melanoplus differentialis nigricans Cockerell, 1917
Melanoplus foedus fluviatilis Bruner, 1897
Melanoplus foedus foedus Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus foedus iselyi Hebard, 1936
Melanoplus keeleri keeleri Thomas, 1874
Melanoplus keeleri luridus (Dodge, 1876)
Melanoplus oregonensis oregonensis (Thomas, 1876)
Melanoplus oregonensis triangularis Hebard, 1928
Melanoplus packardii brooksi Vickery, 1979
Melanoplus packardii packardii Scudder, 1878
Melanoplus pictus pictus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus ponderosus ponderosus (Scudder, 1875)
Melanoplus ponderosus viola Thomas, 1876
Melanoplus punctulatus arboreus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus punctulatus griseus (Thomas, 1872)
Melanoplus punctulatus punctulatus (Scudder, 1863)
Melanoplus rileyanus rileyanus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus rileyanus varicus Scudder, 1879
Melanoplus rusticus obovatipennis (Blatchley, 1894)
Melanoplus rusticus rusticus (Stål, 1878)
Melanoplus sanguinipes atlanis (Riley, 1875)
Melanoplus sanguinipes defectus Scudder, 1897
Melanoplus sanguinipes sanguinipes (Fabricius, 1798)
Melanoplus sanguinipes vulturnus Gurney and Brooks, 1959
Melanoplus scudderi latus Morse, 1906
Melanoplus scudderi scudderi (Uhler, 1864)
Melanoplus scudderi texensis Hart, 1906
Nomotettix cristatus compressus Morse, 1895
Nomotettix cristatus cristatus (Scudder, 1863)
Nomotettix cristatus floridanus Hancock, 1902
Phrynotettix robustus manicola Rehn and Grant, 1959
Phrynotettix robustus occultus Rehn and Grant, 1959
Phrynotettix robustus robustus (Bruner, 1889)
Phrynotettix tshivavensis magnus (Thomas, 1875)
Phrynotettix tshivavensis pusillus Rehn and Grant, 1959
Phrynotettix tshivavensis taosanus Rehn, 1902
Phrynotettix tshivavensis tshivavensis (Haldeman, 1852)
Phrynotettix tshivavensis verruculatus Glover, 1872
Psychomastax deserticola deserticola Hebard, 1934
Psychomastax deserticola indigena Rehn and Grant, 1959
Schistocerca americana americana (Drury, 1773)
Schistocerca nitens nitens (Thunberg, 1815)
Spharagemon marmorata marmorata (Harris, 1841)
Spharagemon marmorata picta (Scudder, 1877)
Tanaocerus koebelei albatus Rehn, 1948
Tanaocerus koebelei koebelei Bruner, 1906
Tetrix americana americana Hancock, 1909
Tetrix americana dimorpha Hancock, 1909
Tetrix arenosa angusta (Hancock, 1896)
Tetrix arenosa arenosa Burmeister, 1838
Tetrix ornata hancocki (Morse, 1899)
Tetrix ornata insolens Rehn and Grant, 1956
Tetrix ornata occidua Rehn and Grant, 1956
Tetrix ornata ornata (Say, 1824)
Tettigidea armata armata Morse, 1895
Tettigidea lateralis cazieri Rehn and Grant, 1958
Tettigidea lateralis lateralis (Say, 1824)
Trimerotropis verruculata suffusa Scudder, 1876
Trimerotropis verruculata verruculata (Kirby, 1837)

Галерија

Nomadacris septemfasciata
Tetrix sp.
Abisares viridipennis
Locusta

Референце

^ Rowell, Hugh; Flook, Paul (2001). „Caelifera: Shorthorned Grasshoppers, Locusts and Relatives”. Tree of Life web project. Архивирано из оригинала 8. 4. 2015. г. Приступљено 3. 4. 2015.
^ Flook, P. K.; Rowell, C. H. F. (1997). „The Phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as Deduced from mtrRNA Gene Sequences”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 8 (1): 89—103. PMID 9242597. doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0412.

Литература

Блесић, Б: Артикулата, ПМФ - Крагујевац, 2002.
Догељ, В, А: Зоологија бескичмењака, Научна књига, Београд, 1971.
Крунић, М: Зоологија инвертебрата 1, Научна књига, Београд, 1977.
Крунић, М: Зоологија инвертебрата 2, Научна књига, Београд, 1979.
Крстић, Љ: Човек и микроби, Драганић, Београд, 2003.
Маричек, магдалена, Ћурчић, Б, Радовић, И: Специјална зоологија, Научна књига, Београд, 1986.
Матоничкин, И, Хабдија, И, Примц - Хабдија, Б: Бескраљешњаци - билогија нижих авертебрата, Школска књига, Загреб, 1998.
Marcon, E, Mongini, M: Све животиње света, ИРО Вук Караџић, Београд, 1986.
Петров, И: Сакупљање, препаровање и чување инсеката у збиркама, Биолошки факултет, Београд, 2000.
Радовић, И, Петров, Бригита: Разноврсност живота 1 - структура и функција, Биолошки факултет Београд и Stylos Нови Сад, Београд, 2001.
Ратајац, Ружица: Зоологија за студенте Пољопривредног факултета, ПМФ у Новом Саду и МП Stylos Нови Сад, 1995.
Секулић, Р: Упознајмо инсекте, ЗУНС, Нови Сад и Београд, 1982.

Спољашње везе

BioNet škola
Tree of Life Web Project Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (8. април 2015)
https://web.archive.org/web/20051217121215/http://www.rutkies.de/schrecken/

[TOLweb-1] Rowell, Hugh; Flook, Paul (2001). „Caelifera: Shorthorned Grasshoppers, Locusts and Relatives”. Tree of Life web project. Архивирано из оригинала 8. 4. 2015. г. Приступљено 3. 4. 2015.

[2] Flook, P. K.; Rowell, C. H. F. (1997). „The Phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as Deduced from mtrRNA Gene Sequences”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 8 (1): 89—103. PMID 9242597. doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0412.

[1]

[2]