Jovan Zlatousti

Ukoliko ste tražili članak o nekom drugom Svetom Jovanu, pogledajte članak Sveti Jovan (višeznačna odrednica).

Jovan Zlatoust
Sv. Jovan Zlatoust, preko hiljadu godina star mozaik u Aji Sofiji
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	349.
Mesto rođenja	Antiohija,
Datum smrti	14. septembar 407.
Mesto smrti	Komana Pontska,

Sveti Jovan Zlatousti (grčki Ἰωάννης ὁ Χρυσόστομος, ili Jovan Antiohijski, Antiohija oko 349 — Komana Pontska 407), najčuveniji propovednik u istoriji Crkve, veliki podvižnik i reformator. Bio je patrijarh Konstantinopolja (397—402), prestonice tadašnjeg Istočnog rimskog carstva, te je jedan od crkvenih naučnika.

Žitije

Rođen je u Antiohiji, od oca Sekunda (vojvode) i majke Antuse.

Učio je najpre grčku filozofiju i zgnušao se na grčko mnogoboštvo.

Potom je usvojio hrišćansku veru kao jedinu i celu istinu, i studirao je bogoslovlje u sklopu škole biblijske egzegeze kojom je rukovodio Diodor Tarsijski.

Krstio ga je antiohijski patrijarh Meletije.

Po smrti roditelja zamonašio se i počeo strogo podvizavati.

U Antiohiji je rukopoložen u čin đakona i sveštenika (385).

Kao đakon piše "O sveštenstvu", delo neprevaziđeno do danas; kao sveštenik posvetio se propovedničkoj službi. Propoveda svakodnevno, na određene teme, ali naročito o ličnoj i društvenoj etici, braneći siromašne i izrabljivane, osuđujući bogate i one koji drže vlast. U besedi "O statuama" podržava one koji se behu pobunili protiv carske porodice. Sastavlja Egzegetske omilije na sve knjige Staroga i Novoga Zaveta; naročito ga privlače poslanice Sv. Apostola Pavla.

Blagodareći njegovoj propovedničkoj slavi, 397. godine izabran je za episkopa carigradskog, gde će uskoro ući u sukob sa Evtropijem, ministrom dvora cara Arkadija, i sa caricom Evdoksijom jer je predlagao potpunu reformu načina života, kako u Crkvi tako i na carskom dvoru. Kada prepodobni Nil Sinajski ču za progonstvo njegovo u zatočenje, on smelo i neustrašivo podiže iz dubokog pustinjskog molitvenog tihovanja svoj glas i odmah izobliči cara napisavši mu poslanicu, u kojoj strogo osudi careve nepravde, učinjene velikom svetitelju i učitelju vaseljene. Pod spletkama Patrijarha Teofila Aleksandrijskog, Sveti Jovan je zbačen sa prestola 402. godine. Ponovo dolazi iz prvog progonstva, a naposletku Evdoksija ga progoni u Kukuz (ili Koman) u Jermeniji, gde je umro na Krstovdan 14. septembra 407. godine. Odavde piše najveći deo pisama, među kojima i onih sedamnaest Pisama Olimpijadi.

Učenje

Sv. Jovan Zlatousti imao je veliko poštovanje prema Svetome Pismu i Svetoj Liturgiji. Duh Sveti nadahnuo je Pismo i Duh ga tumači kroz lično prosvećenje. Zato je čitanje Svetoga Pisma sredstvo da se primi blagodat, pokazuje Sv. Jovan Zlatousti. Svom njegovom teologijom gospodari sinergija: čitanje Svetoga Pisma i prosvećenje od Duha, obred Tajni i delanje Duha, vera kao dar i dela kao čovekov odgovor na Božiji dar. Verovao je da smo samo verom spaseni, ali da bi čovek onda trebao pokazati dela. Tvrdio je da u vršenju Tajni, obred ili materija nisu dovoljni, nego je nužno prizivanje Duha Svetoga. U svojoj društvenoj etici, Sv. Jovan Zlatousti je dokazivao da je ljubav prema bližnjem i siromašnom prava tajna.

Nasleđe

Jovan Zlatousti

Njegove svete mošti su krstaši 1204. odneli iz Carigrada u Rim (Vatikan), gde su počivale sve dok 2004. dogovorom nisu vraćene u Istanbul.

Kao svetitelj praznuje se 13. novembra (26. novembra po novom kalendaru). Osim toga 27. januara se obeležava prenos njegovih moštiju iz jermenskog sela Komana u Carigrad 438. godine. Takođe, on se ubraja i u Sveta tri jerarha koji se praznuju 30. januara (ovi datumi praznovanja su navedeni prema crkvenom - julijanskom kalendaru).

Sveti Jovan Šangajski je za svetog vladiku Nikolaja Velimirovića svojevremeno izrekao da je Novi Zlatousti naših dana.

Literatura

• James William Parkes; Jewish-Christian relationships (1969). Prelude to dialogue. Schocken Books. 
• Allen, Pauline; Mayer, Wendy. (2000). John Chrysostom. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-18252-2. 
• Attwater, Donald (1960). St. John Chrysostom: Pastor and Preacher. London: Catholic Book Club. .
• Blamires, Harry (1996). The New Bloomsday Book: A Guide Through Ulysses. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-13858-1. 
• Brändle, R., V. Jegher-Bucher, and Johannes Chrysostomus (1995). Acht Reden gegen Juden (Bibliothek der griechischen Literatur 41), Stuttgart: Hiersemann.
• Brustein, William I. (2003). Roots of Hate: Anti-Semitism in Europe before the Holocaust. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77308-9. 
• Carter, Robert (1962). „The Chronology of St. John Chrysostom's Early Life.”. Traditio. 18: 357—64. .
• Chrysostom, John (1979). Discourses Against Judaizing Christians. , trans. Paul W. Harkins. The Fathers of the Church; v. 68. Washington: Catholic University of America Press.
• Chuvin, Pierre (1990). "A chronicle of the last pagans". Harvard University Press
• Dumortier, Jean (1951). "La valeur historique du dialogue de Palladius et la chronologie de saint Jean Chrysostome." Mélanges de science religieuse 8, 51–56.
• Hartney, Aideen (2004). John Chrysostom and the Transformation of the City. London: Duckworth. ISBN 978-0-520-04757-0. .
• Joyce, James (1961). Ulysses. New York: The Modern Library. .
• Kelly, John Norman Davidson (1995). Golden Mouth: The Story of John Chrysostom-Ascetic, Preacher, Bishop. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3189-0. .
• Laqueur, Walter (2006). The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times To The Present Day. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530429-9. .
• Liebeschuetz, J.H.W.G. (1990). Barbarians and Bishops: Army, Church and State in the Age of Arcadius and Chrysostom. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814886-9. .
• Lewy, Yohanan [Hans]. "John Chrysostom". Encyclopaedia Judaica (CD-ROM Edition Version 1.0). Ed. Cecil Roth. Keter Publishing House. Encyclopaedia Judaica : The most comprehensive authoritative source on the Jewish world ; includes 26 printed volumes, updated text plus new feature articles, powerful search capabilities, interactive timeline, full multimedia program. Judaica Multimedia. 1997. ISBN 978-965-07-0665-4. .
• Meeks, Wayne A., and Robert L. Wilken (1978). Jews and Christians in Antioch in the First Four Centuries of the Common Era. Missoula: Scholars Press. ISBN 978-0-89130-229-2. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak autora (veza) (The Society of Biblical Literature, Number 13). .
• Morris, Stephen. "'Let Us Love One Another': Liturgy, Morality, and Political Theory in Chrysostom's Sermons on Rom. 12–13 and II Thess. 2," in: Speculum Sermonis: Interdisciplinary Reflections on the Medieval Sermon, ed. Georgiana Donavin, Cary J. Nederman, and Richard Utz. Turnhout: Brepols, 2004. pp. 89–112.
• Palladius, Bishop of Aspuna (1985). Palladius on the Life And Times of St. John Chrysostom. New York: Newman Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-0358-4. , transl. and edited by Robert T. Meyer. .
• Parks, James (1969). Prelude to Dialogue. . London.
• Parry, David; Melling, David, ur. (2001). The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-18966-4. 
• Pradels, W. (2002). "Lesbos Cod. Gr. 27 : The Tale of a Discovery", Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 6, pp. 81–89.
• Pradels, W., R. Brändle, and M. Heimgartner (2001). "Das bisher vermisste Textstück in Johannes Chrysostomus, Adversus Judaeos, Oratio 2", Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 5, pp. 23–49.
• Pradels, W., R. Brändle, and M. Heimgartner (2002). "The sequence and dating of the series of John Chrysostom's eight discourses Adversus Judaeos", Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 6, 90–116.
• Schaff, Philip, and Henry Wace (eds.) Socrates, Sozomenus: Church Histories (A Select Library of Nicene and post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, second series, 'vol. II'. 1890. ). New York: The Christian Literature Company.
• Stark, Rodney (1997). The Rise of Christianity. How the Obscure, Marginal Jesus Movement Became the Dominant Religious Force in the Western World in a Few Centuries. Princeton University Press. .
• Stephens, W.R.W (1883). Saint John Chrysostom, His Life and Times. London: John Murray. 
• Stow, Kenneth (2006). Jewish Dogs, An Imagine and Its Interpreters: Continiuity in the Catholic-Jewish Encounter. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-5281-7. .
• Wilken, Robert Louis (1983). John Chrysostom and the Jews: Rhetoric and Reality in the Late Fourth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press. .
• Willey, John H (1906). Chrysostom: The Orator. Cincinnati: Jennings and Graham. .
• Woods, Thomas (2005). How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization. Washington, D.C.: Regenery. ISBN 978-0-89526-038-3. 
• „Chrysostom's bibliography”. 
• Sermon on Alms Translated by Margaret M. Sherwood from the Parallel Greek and Latin Text of the Abbé Migne (New York: The New York School of Philanthropy, 1917)
• The priesthood: a translation of the Peri hierosynes of St. John Chrysostom, by WA Jurgens, (New York: Macmillan, 1955)
• Commentary on Saint John the apostle and evangelist: homilies 1–47, translated by Sister Thomas Aquinas Goggin, Fathers of the Church vol 33, (New York: Fathers of the Church, Inc, 1957)
• Commentary on Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist, translated by Sister Thomas Aquinas Goggin. Homilies 48–88, Fathers of the Church vol 41, (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1959) [translation of Homiliae in Ioannem]
• Baptismal instructions, translated and annotated by Paul W Harkins, (Westminster, MD: Newman Press, 1963)
• Discourses against judaizing Christians, translated by Paul W Harkins., Fathers of the Church vol 68, (Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1979)
• On the incomprehensible nature of God, translated by Paul W Harkins. Fathers of the Church vol 72, (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1984)
• On wealth and poverty, translated and introduced by Catharine P Roth, (Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1984)
• Chrysostom, John (1985). Apologist. Margaret A. Schatkin and Paul W. Harkins, trans. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-0073-6.  [translations of Discourse on blessed Babylas, and Against the Greeks: Demonstration against the pagans that Christ is God.]
• Chrysostom, John (1986). Homilies on Genesis. Robert C. Hill, trans. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-0074-3.  [translation of Homilies on Genesis 1–17]
• Chrysostom, John (1986). On marriage and family life. Catherine P. Roth, trans. Crestwood, N.Y.: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-913836-86-6. 
• Samuel NC Lieu, ed, The Emperor Julian: panegyric and polemic. Claudius Mamertinus, John Chrysostom, Ephrem the Syrian, (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1986) [contains translation of John Chrysostom, Homily on St. Babylas, against Julian and the pagans XIV-XIX]
• Commentaries on the sages, translated with an introduction by Robert Charles Hill, 2 vols, (Brookline, MA: Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2006) [Vol 1 is a translation of the Commentary on Job; vol 2 is a translation of the Commentary on Proverbs]
• Attwater, Donald (1939). St. John Chrysostom: The Voice of Gold. London: Harvill. 
• Baur, Chrysostomus (1959). John Chrysostom and His Times. M. Gonzaga, trans (2nd izd.). London: Sands. 
• Lim, Richard (1995). Public disputation, power, and social order in late antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-585-16041-2. 

Spoljašnje veze

• Projekat Rastko o Sv. Jovanu
• Istorijska biblioteka: Zlatostruj, Zlatoust
• Quotes by Saint John Chrysostom by Orthodox Church Quotes
• „On Saint John Chrysostom's Antioch Years”.  by Pope Benedict XVI
• -author= -
• St. John Chrysostom article from The Catholic Encyclopedia (Newadvent Website)
• Jewish Encyclopedia: Chrysostomus, Joannes
• John Chrysostom on Patristique.org (French)
• Was St. John Chrysostom Anti-Semitic?
• Saint John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople Orthodox icon and synaxarion (13 November feast day)
• Translation of the relics of Saint John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople (27 January feast day)
• Synaxis of the Ecumenical Teachers and Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom (30 January feast day)
• Colonnade Statue St Peter's Square
• John Chrysostom Mosaic in Hagia Sophia

Radovi

• Jovan Zlatousti na sajtu Internet Archive (jezik: engleski)
• Jovan Zlatousti na sajtu LibriVox (jezik: engleski)
• The Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
• Study Text of the Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom (Ruthenian Edition, with Scriptural references)
• Writings of Chrysostom in the Christian Classics Ethereal Library edition of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers:
  • -author= -
  • -author= -
  • -author= -
  • -author= -
  • -author= -
  • -author= -
• „The Hieratikon”.  Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (18. јануар 2020) Easter Sermon of St. John Chrysostom
• „Eight Homilies Against the Jews”.  Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (14. август 2014)
• Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes
• The Auxiliary Resources page on the Electronic Manipulus florum Project Website provides digital transcriptions of the Latin translations of De laudibus sancti Pauli homeliae (PG 50, 473–514), Dialogus de sacerdotio (PG 48, 623–91), and In epistolam ad Hebraeos homeliae (PG 63, 9–236), as well as the Latin text of the Pseudo-Chrysostom Opus imperfectum in Mattheum (PG 56, 611–946). It also provides digital transcriptions of Anianus of Celeda's prologue on the homilies on Matthew and his Latin translations of the first eight homilies (PG 58, 975–1058) and also Anianus of Celeda's prologue and his Latin translations of Chrysostom's homelies 1–25 on Matthew from the editio princeps published in Venice in 1503.
• Ps.Chrysostom Homily 2 on Christmas at Tertullian.org and here at Archive.org.
• S. John Chrysostom: Homilies at OPenn

Pravoslavni praznici

• 27 January, Translation of the relics of Saint John Chrysostom to Constantinople
• 30 January, Synaxis of the Three Great Hierarchs
• 14 September, Repose of Saint John Chrysostom
• 13 November, Saint John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople