Jupiter (bog)
| Jupiter | |
|---|---|
| Pripadnik arhaična i kapitolske trijade | |
 Mermerna statua Jupitera (u sredini) iz oko 100 [a] | |
| Lični podaci | |
| Druga imena | Jov |
| Prebivalište | nebesa |
| Porodica | |
| Supružnik | Junona |
| Deca | Mars, Minerva, Vulkan, Belona, Juventas, Herkules |
| Porodica | Rimska tradicija: Junona, Cerera, Vesta Grpko-rimska: Pluton, i Neptun |
| Mitologija | |
| Planeta | Jupiter[1] |
| Poštuje se u | |
| Dan | četvrtak |
| Simbol | Munja, orao, hrast |
| Ekvivalenti | |
| Grčki ekvivalent | Zevs |
| Rimski ekvivalent | Diespiter, Dius Fidius, Vediovus |
| Etrurski ekvivalent | Tinija[2] |
| Hinduistički ekvivalent | Indra, Djaus Pita [3][4] |
| Kananitski ekvivalent | Baal[5] |
| Mesopotamijski ekvivalent | Enlil,[6] Hadad[7] |
| Huritski ekvivalent | Tešub[8] |
| Protoindoevropski ekvivalent | *Djeus |
Jupiter otac i gospodar bogova u klasičnoj starorimskoj mitologiji.[11][12] Pobedio je Titane, svrgnuo svog oca Saturna, dao Neptunu more, Plutonu pakao, a za sebe zadržao nebo i zemlju. Ime je dobio po vrhovnom bogu Rimljana, kog su Grci zvali Zevs. Jupiter je bog svetla. On šalje grmljavinu i munju, zaštitnik je pravde, istine, ćudoređa, vojsku zaustavlja u begu i dosuđuje joj pobedu.
U istorijsko doba je Jupiter Optimus Maksimus glavno božanstvo Rima. Najstariji hram rimskog državnog kulta na kapitoliju posvećen je Jupiteru, Junoni i Minervi; u njemu je senat donosio odluke o objavljivanju rata, tu su se potpisivali međunarodni ugovori i vojskovođe prinosili žrtve, a pobednički imperatori su na povratku u Rim u trijumfalnoj povorci najprije polazili u Jupiterov hram. Po Rimskom carstvu podizani su mnogi hramovi u čast Jupitera (najčešće na brežuljcima) koji su predstavljali simbol rimske moći. U čast Jupiteru priređivale su se svake godine u septembru ludi Romani.[13] U carsko doba često ga u kultu identifikuju sa različitim, stranim, posebno orijentalnim bogovima (Jupiter Optimus Maksimus Serapis, Sabazios, Dolicksenus i dr.).
Obično se smatra da je Jupiter nastao kao bog neba. Njegovo prepoznatljivo svojstvo je grom, a njegova primarna sveta životinja je orao,[14] koji je imao primat nad ostalim pticama pri preuzimanju proricanja[15] i postao jedan od najčešćih simbola rimske vojske (vidi Akvila). Dva amblema su često kombinovana da predstavljaju boga u obliku orla koji u kandžama drži grom, često viđen na grčkim i rimskim novčićima.[16] Kao bog neba, bio je božanski svedok zakletvi, svetog poverenja od koga zavise pravda i dobra vladavina. Mnoge njegove funkcije bile su usredsređene na Kapitolsko brdo, gde se nalazila citadela. U Kapitolskoj trijadi bio je centralni čuvar države sa Junonom i Minervom. Njegovo sveto drvo bio je hrast.
Rimljani su Jupitera smatrali ekvivalentom grčkog Zevsu,[17] a u latinskoj književnosti i rimskoj umetnosti mitovi i ikonografija o Zevsu prilagođeni su pod imenom Iuppiter. U tradiciji pod uticajem Grčke, Jupiter je bio brat Neptuna i Disa Patera, rimskih ekvivalenata Posejdona i Hada. Svaki je predsedavao jedno od tri carstva univerzuma: nebo, vodu i podzemni svet. Italski Diespiter je takođe bio bog neba koji se manifestovao na dnevnom svetlu, obično poistovećen sa Jupiterom.[18] Tinija se obično smatra njegovim etrurskim pandanom.[2]
Ljubavne pustolovine
[uredi | uredi izvor]Ljubavne pustolovine Jupiterove — tiču se, sem njegovih žena (Cerera, Latona, Junona, Temida, Eurinoma), još i njegovih ljubavnica kojih je bilo vrlo mnogo (Alkmeina, Semela, Leda, Ija, Evropa, Danaja i dr).
Napomene
[uredi | uredi izvor]Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ Evans, James (1998). The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy. Oxford University Press. str. 296—7. ISBN 978-0-19-509539-5. Pristupljeno 2008-02-04.
- ^ a b Massimo Pallottino, "Etruscan Daemonology," p. 41, and
Robert Schilling, "Rome," pp. 44 and 63,
both in , 1992) Roman and European Mythologies. University of Chicago Press. 1981.. 1992, transl. from the 1981 French edition;
Giuliano Bonfante and Larissa Bonfante, , 2003) The Etruscan Language: An Introduction. Manchester University Press. 1983. str. 24, 84, 85, 219, 225.. rev. ed.,;
Nancy Thomson de Grummond, (2006), Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, pp. 19, 53–58 et passim;
Jean MacIntosh Turfa, (2012). Divining the Etruscan World: The Brontoscopic Calendar and Religious Practice. Cambridge University Press. str. 62. - ^ West 2007, str. 171.
- ^ Mallory & Adams 2006, str. 431.
- ^ „Baal (ancient deity)”. Encyclopedia Britannica (online izd.).
- ^ Pleins, J. David (2010). When the great abyss opened : classic and contemporary readings of Noah's flood ([Online-Ausg.]. izd.). New York: Oxford University Press. str. 110. ISBN 978-0-19-973363-7.
- ^ Kropp, Andreas J. M. (2010). „Jupiter, Venus and Mercury of Heliopolis (Baalbek)”. Syria (87): 229—264. doi:10.4000/syria.681.
- ^ West, M.L. (1966) Hesiod Theogony: 18-31; Kirk, G.S. (1970) Myth: Its meaning and function in ancient and other cultures: 214-220 Berkeley and Los Angeles; with Zeus being the Greek equivalent of Jupiter.
- ^ Saturni filius, frg. 2 in the edition of Baehrens.
- ^ Keats, John (26. 4. 2007). Selected Poems: Keats: Keats. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-14-193691-8 — preko Google Books.
- ^ Iūpiter is thought to be the historically older form and Iuppiter, to have arosen through the so-called littera-rule. Compare Weiss (2010). „Observations on the littera rule” (PDF). Cornell Phonetics Lab. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2016-10-17. g.
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2018-10-31). Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Leiden; Boston. str. 315. ISBN 9789004167971.
- ^ „Jupiter - mitologija”. Opšte obrazovanje. Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2020.
- ^ Pliny Naturalis Historia X 16. A. Alföldi Zu den römischen Reiterscheiben in Germania 30 1952 p. 188 and n. 11 as cited by G. Dumézil La religion reomaine archaïque Paris 1974 2nd ed., It. tr. Milan 1977 (hereafter cited as ARR) p. 215 n. 58.
- ^ Servius Ad Aeneidem II 374.
- ^ Dictionary of Roman Coins, see e.g. reverse of "Consecratio" coin of Emperor Commodus & coin of Ptolemy V Epiphanes minted c. 204–180 BC.
- ^ Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia. 1995. str. 215.. The Book People, Haydock.
- ^ Diespiter should not be confused with. |title=Dis pater, but the two names do cause confusion even in some passages of ancient literature; {{cite book|author=P.T. Eden|title=commentary on the Apocolocyntosis|location= |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |origyear=1984|isbn=|pages=111–112||
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- Musei Capitolini
- Mary Beard, J.A. North, and S.R.F. Price (1998). Religions of Rome: A History. Cambridge University Press.
- Dumézil, G. (1977) La religione romana arcaica. Con un'appendice sulla religione degli Etruschi. Milano, Rizzoli. Edizione e traduzione a cura di Furio Jesi.
- Dumézil, G (1988). Mitra-Varuna: An essay on two Indo-European representations of sovereignty. New York: Zone Books. ISBN 0-942299-13-2.
- Dumézil, G (1996). Archaic Roman religion: With an appendix on the religion of the Etruscans. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5481-4.
- Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (2003). „Jupiter”. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860641-9.
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- Favourite Greek Myths, Mary Pope Osbourne Aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini
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, Oxford Archaeological Guides, Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-288003-9. - Coarelli, Filippo (2014), Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide, Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-28209-4.
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Spoljašnje veze
[uredi | uredi izvor]
- Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (ca 1,700 images of Jupiter) Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (3. mart 2016)
- "Temple of Jupiter" in A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome
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| Koncept i praktikovanje | ||
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| Vidi još | ||
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