Apeninsko poluostrvo

42° 00′ N 14° 00′ E / 42.000° S; 14.000° I / 42.000; 14.000

Apeninsko poluostrvo ili Italijansko poluostrvo je jedno od tri poluostrva u južnoj Evropi. Proteže se dužini od oko 1.000 km od doline reke Po na severu do Sredozemnog mora na jugu. Poluostrvo ima karakterističan oblik čizme, formiran od manjih poluostrva Kalabrije, Salenta i Gargana.

Skoro celo poluostrvo je u sastavu Italije, iako se na poluostrvu nalaze dvije mini-države - San Marino i Vatikan. Na zapadnoj strani poluostrva su Ligursko i Tirensko more, na južnoj je Jonsko more, a na istočnoj Jadransko more. Unutar poluostrva se nalaze Apeninske planine (Apenini), po kojima je poluostrvo i dobilo ime. Na Apeninskom poluostrvu, blizu Napuljskog zaliva, nalazi se Vezuv, jedini aktivni vulkan u kopnenom delu Evrope.

Karakteristike

Minimalni obim

U opštem diskursu, „Italija” i „Italijansko poluostrvo” se često koriste kao sinonimi. Međutim, Padska nizija^[1]^[2]^[3] može biti isključena iz italijanskog poluostrva. U tom smislu, italijansko poluostrvo obuhvata samo oko 44% ukupne površine Italije. S druge strane, Sicilija i druga manja ostrva sa poluostrva mogu biti geografski grupisana zajedno sa njom.

Geografski, minimalni opseg italijanskog poluostrva se sastoji od zemlje južno od linije koja se proteže od reke Magra^[4]^[5]^[6] do reke Rubikon,^[7]^[8] severno od toskansko-emilianskih Apenina. Isključuje dolinu Poa i južne padine Alpa.^[9]^[10] Italijansko poluostrvo ima jedini aktivni vulkan u kontinentalnoj Evropi, Vezuv.^[11]

Sve ove teritorije leže unutar Republike Italije osim mikrodržava San Marina i Vatikana:

Zemlja/ Teritorija	Površina poluostrva				Opis
Zemlja/ Teritorija	Stanovništvo^[12]	km²	sq mi	Udeo	Opis
Italija	26,140,000	131.275	50.686	99.9531%	Efektivno celo poluostrvo
San Marino	31,887	61,2	23,6	0.0466%	Centralno-istočna enklava poluostrva Italije
Vatikan	829	0,44	0,17	0.0003%	Enklava Rima, Italija

Klima

Poluostrvo leži između Tirenskog mora na zapadu, Jonskog mora na jugu i Jadranskog mora na istoku.

Poluostrvo ima uglavnom mediteransku klimu, mada je u planinskim delovima klima znatno hladnija. Njegova prirodna vegetacija obuhvata makiju duž obala i listopadne i mešovite listopadne četinarske šume u unutrašnjosti.

Vidi još

Reference

^ „FACT SHEET: Po River Basin” (PDF).
^ „The Po Basin Water Board, Italy”. CABRI-Volga. Arhivirano iz originala 06. 08. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 4. 6. 2009.
^ „Po”. United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID) - Europe. Arhivirano iz originala 1. 8. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 4. 6. 2009. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ „Rete Natura 2000” (na jeziku: Italian i engleski).
^ „SIC e ZPS in Liguria » La Spezia » Parco della Magra - Vara” (na jeziku: Italian i engleski).
^ „La Biblioteca dell’Ente Parco di Montemarcello-Magra” (na jeziku: Italian). Arhivirano iz originala 30. 7. 2021. g.
^ „Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia”. www.dizionario.rai.it. Arhivirano iz originala 07. 11. 2017. g. Pristupljeno 29. 03. 2023.
^ Pearce, M., R. Peretto, P. Tozzi, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies (15. 11. 2020). „Places: 393484 (Rubico fl.)”. Pleiades. Pristupljeno 8. 3. 2012.
^ De Agostini Ed (2004). L'Enciclopedia Geografica – Vol. I - Italia. str. 78.
^ Touring Club Italiano (1957). Conosci l'Italia – Vol. I: L'Italia fisica.
^ „Mount Vesuvius, Italy: Map, Facts, Eruption Pictures, Pompeii”.
^ Population includes only the inhabitants of the Italian peninsula (excluding Northern Italy and Insular Italy (Sicily and Sardinia)).

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Spoljašnje veze

„Ligurian Apennine”. Summit Post. 2006. Pristupljeno 16. 2. 2010.
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Irlam, Michael J. (2009). „The Great Apennine Tunnel”. Mike's Railway History. Pristupljeno 16. 2. 2010.
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[1] „FACT SHEET: Po River Basin” (PDF).

[2] „The Po Basin Water Board, Italy”. CABRI-Volga. Arhivirano iz originala 06. 08. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 4. 6. 2009.

[3] „Po”. United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID) - Europe. Arhivirano iz originala 1. 8. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 4. 6. 2009. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[4] „Rete Natura 2000” (na jeziku: Italian i engleski).

[5] „SIC e ZPS in Liguria » La Spezia » Parco della Magra - Vara” (na jeziku: Italian i engleski).

[6] „La Biblioteca dell’Ente Parco di Montemarcello-Magra” (na jeziku: Italian). Arhivirano iz originala 30. 7. 2021. g.

[7] „Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia”. www.dizionario.rai.it. Arhivirano iz originala 07. 11. 2017. g. Pristupljeno 29. 03. 2023.

[8] Pearce, M., R. Peretto, P. Tozzi, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies (15. 11. 2020). „Places: 393484 (Rubico fl.)”. Pleiades. Pristupljeno 8. 3. 2012.

[9] De Agostini Ed (2004). L'Enciclopedia Geografica – Vol. I - Italia. str. 78.

[10] Touring Club Italiano (1957). Conosci l'Italia – Vol. I: L'Italia fisica.

[11] „Mount Vesuvius, Italy: Map, Facts, Eruption Pictures, Pompeii”.

[12] Population includes only the inhabitants of the Italian peninsula (excluding Northern Italy and Insular Italy (Sicily and Sardinia)).

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Normativna kontrola
Državne	Češka
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