Pramac (sazvežđe)
Sazvežđe | |
Latinsko ime | Carina |
---|---|
Skraćenica | Car |
Genitiv | Carinae[1] |
Simbolizuje | Pramac broda Argo |
Rektascenzija | 9 |
Deklinacija | -60[2] |
Površina | 494 sq. deg. (9) |
Najsjajnija zvezda | Kanopus (alfa Pramca) (-0,72m) |
Meteorski rojevi | nema |
Susedna sazvežđa | |
Vidljivo u rasponu +20° i −90°. U najboljem položaju za posmatranje u 21:00 čas u martu. |
Pramac (lat. Carina) je jedno od 88 modernih sazvežđa. Nastalo je deobom ranijeg sazvežđa Argo Navis („brod Argo“), koje je podeljeno na Pramac, Jedra i Krmu.
Zvezde
[uredi | uredi izvor]Nakon podele sazvežđa Argo Navis, novonastala sazvežđa su zadržala stare oznake zvezda. Najsjajnija zvezda Pramca je Kanopus, alfa ovog sazvežđa, i druga najsjajnija zvezda na noćnom nebu. Magnitude -0,72, ovaj superdžin F klase je pre otkrića kompasa služio kao južna polarna zvezda moreplovcima severne hemisfere koji su živeli dovoljno južno da mogu da ga vide (južnije od 37° severne geografske širine). Kanopus je 15.000 puta lunimozniji od Sunca, od koga je udaljen oko 700 svetlosnih godina.
Jedna od najzanimljivijih zvezda, kako ovog sazvežđa tako i na nebu uopšte, je eta Pramca (η Carinae) — sistem od najmanje 2 zvezde, preko 100 puta masivniji od Sunca, jedan od najmasivnijih koje možemo detaljno da proučavamo. Sjajnija i masivnija zvezda, za koju se dugo mislilo da je usamljena, je preko četiri miliona puta luminoznija od Sunca, i očekuje se da postane supernova tokom narednih milion godina. Krajem 19. veka, eta Pramca je već bila na rubu da postane supernova, ali je preživela uz oslobađanje materijala od koga je nastala Homunkulus maglina, deo veće magline NGC 3372.
Epsilon Pramca ima magnitudu od 1,86 i predstavlja binarni sistem čija je primarna komponenta ukmirući narandžasti džin, a prati ga beli patuljak. Ipsilon Pramca je takođe binarna zvezda, čine je beli superdžin i plavobeli džin. Ipsilon, beta, teta i omega Pramca čine asterizam Dijamantski krst.
U Pramcu se nalazi i HD 93129A, jedna od najluminoznijih zvezda Mlečnog puta, plavi superdžin udaljen od Sunca oko 7500 svetlosnih godina, inače član dvojnog sistema.
Objekti dubokog neba
[uredi | uredi izvor]Kroz Pramac prolazi Mlečni put, tako da se u njemu nalazi veliki broj objekata dubokog neba. Osim već pomenute emisione magline NGC 3372 koja se nalazi oko ete Pramca, prisutni su i otvorena zvezdana jata NGC 2516 („dijamantski klaster“) i IC 2602 („južne Plejade“).
Globularno jato NGC 2808 je jedno od najmasivnijih u Mlečnom putu, sastoji se od preko milion zvezda.
Otvoreno jato NGC 3532 ima nadimak „bunar želja“ jer izgleda kao odsjaj novčića bačenih u fontanu.
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Otvoreno jato NGC 2516 („dijamantski klaster“)
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Otvoreno jato IC 2602 („južne Plejade“)
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Otvoreno jato NGC 3532 („bunar želja“)
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Globularno jato NGC 2808
Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ OED https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/27984?redirectedFrom=Carina#eid
- ^ „Carina, constellation boundary”. The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2014.
Literatura
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Spoljašnje veze
[uredi | uredi izvor]Mediji vezani za članak Pramac na Vikimedijinoj ostavi
- The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Carina
- Starry Night Photography: Carina
- Eta Carina Nebula by Thomas Willig
- Star Tales – Carina
- The clickable Carina
- Huge gamma-ray blast seen 12.2 billion light-years from Earth
- Sazvežđe Pramac Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (6. maj 2012) na TopAstronomer.com (jezik: engleski)