Diprotodontia

Diprotodontia; Vremenski raspon: 28–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Kasni oligocen – sadašnjost
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Mammalia
Infraklasa:	Marsupialia
Nadred:	Australidelphia
Red:	Diprotodontia; Owen, 1866
Podredovi
	Vombatiformes; Phalangeriformes; Macropodiformes

Diprotodontia je red sa oko 155 vrsta^[2] torbarskih sisara uključujući kengure, valabije, posume, koale, vombate, i mnoge druge. Neki od izumrlih pripadnika reda su Diprotodon veličine nosoroga, i Thylacoleo, takozvani „torbarski lav”.

Karakteristike

Skoro svi postojeći diprotodonti su biljojedi, kao što je bio slučaj i sa većinom sa izumrlih vrsta. Poznato je nekoliko insektivornih i omnivoronih diprotodonta, i Potoridae koji su skoro jedinstveni među kičmenjacima po tome što su uglavnom fungivorni, mada izgleda da su oni nastali kao relativno nedavne adaptacije iz biljnog biljnog načina života. Izumrli tilakoleonidi („torbarski lavovi”) su jedina poznata grupa koja je u velikoj meri ispoljavala karnivoriju.

Fosilni zapis

Najraniji poznati fosil Diprotodontia datira iz kasnog oligocena (pre 23,03 - 28,4 miliona godina), a najranija vrsta koja se može identifikovati je Hypsiprymnodon bartholomaii iz ranog miocena.^[3]

Klasifikacija

Do nedavno su postojala samo dva podreda u Diprotodontia: Vombatiformes koji su obuhvata vombate i koale, i Phalangerida koji je sadržavao sve ostale porodice. Kirsch et al. (1997) su porodice podelili u tri podreda. Pored toga, šest porodica Phalangeriformes je podeljeno je u dve nadfamilije.

Red Diprotodontia

Suborder Vombatiformes
- Family Vombatidae: vombati (tri vrste)
- Family Phascolarctidae: koala (jedna vrsta)
- Family †Ilariidae
- Family †Maradidae
- Family †Diprotodontidae
- Family †Palorchestidae
- Family †Thylacoleonidae^[4]
- Family †Wynyardiidae
Suborder Phalangeriformes
- Superfamily Phalangeroidea
  - Family Phalangeridae
  - Family Burramyidae
  - Family †Ektopodontidae
- Superfamily Petauroidea
  - Family Tarsipedidae
  - Family Petauridae
  - Family Pseudocheiridae
  - Family Acrobatidae
Suborder Macropodiformes
- Family †Balbaridae
- Family Macropodidae
- Family Potoroidae
- Family Hypsiprymnodontidae

† označava izumrlu porodicu, rod ili vrstu.

Rodovi

Acrobates Desmarest, 1818
Aepyprymnus Garrod, 1875
Ailurops Wagler, 1830
Bettongia Gray, 1837
Burramys Broom, 1896
Caloprymnus Thomas, 1888
Cercartetus Gloger, 1841
Dactylopsila Gray, 1858
Dendrolagus Müller, 1840
Distoechurus Peters, 1874
Dorcopsis Schlegel and Müller, 1845
Dorcopsulus Matschie, 1916
Gymnobelideus McCoy, 1867
Hemibelideus Collett, 1884
Hypsiprymnodon Ramsay, 1876
Lagorchestes Gould, 1841
Lagostrophus Thomas, 1886
Lasiorhinus Gray, 1863
Macropus Shaw, 1790
Onychogalea Gray, 1841
Petauroides Thomas, 1888
Petaurus Shaw, 1791
Petrogale Gray, 1837
Petropseudes Thomas, 1923
Phalanger Storr, 1780
Phascolarctos de Blainville, 1816
Potorous Desmarest, 1804
Pseudocheirus Ogilby, 1837
Pseudochirops Matschie, 1915
Pseudochirulus Matschie, 1915
Setonix Lesson, 1842
Spilocuscus Gray, 1861
Strigocuscus Gray, 1861
Tarsipes Gervais and Verreaux, 1842
Thylogale Gray, 1837
Trichosurus Lesson, 1828
Vombatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803
Wallabia Trouessart, 1905
Wyulda Alexander, 1918

Vrste

Acrobates pygmaeus (Shaw, 1793)
Aepyprymnus rufescens (Gray, 1837)
Ailurops melanotis (Thomas, 1898)
Ailurops ursinus (Temminck, 1824)
Bettongia gaimardi (Desmarest, 1822)
Bettongia lesueur (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)
Bettongia penicillata Gray, 1837
Bettongia tropica Wakefield, 1967
Burramys parvus Broom, 1896
Caloprymnus campestris (Gould, 1843)
Cercartetus caudatus (Milne-Edwards, 1877)
Cercartetus concinnus (Gould, 1845)
Cercartetus lepidus (Thomas, 1888)
Cercartetus nanus (Desmarest, 1818)
Dactylopsila megalura Rothschild and Dollman, 1932
Dactylopsila palpator Milne-Edwards, 1888
Dactylopsila tatei Laurie, 1952
Dactylopsila trivirgata Gray, 1858
Dendrolagus bennettianus De Vis, 1886
Dendrolagus dorianus Ramsay, 1883
Dendrolagus goodfellowi Thomas, 1908
Dendrolagus inustus Müller, 1840
Dendrolagus lumholtzi Collett, 1884
Dendrolagus matschiei Forster and Rothschild, 1907
Dendrolagus mbaiso Flannery, Boeadi and Szalay, 1995
Dendrolagus pulcherrimus Flannery, 1993
Dendrolagus scottae Flannery and Seri, 1990
Dendrolagus spadix Troughton and Le Souef, 1936
Dendrolagus stellarum Flannery and Seri, 1990
Dendrolagus ursinus (Temminck, 1836)
Distoechurus pennatus Peters, 1874
Dorcopsis atrata Van Deusen, 1957
Dorcopsis hageni Heller, 1897
Dorcopsis luctuosa (D'Albertis, 1874)
Dorcopsis muelleri (Lesson, 1827)
Dorcopsulus macleayi (Miklouho-Maclay, 1885)
Dorcopsulus vanheurni (Thomas, 1922)
Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy, 1867
Hemibelideus lemuroides (Collett, 1884)
Hypsiprymnodon moschatus Ramsay, 1876
Lagorchestes asomatus Finlayson, 1943
Lagorchestes conspicillatus Gould, 1841
Lagorchestes hirsutus Gould, 1844
Lagorchestes leporides (Gould, 1840)
Lagostrophus fasciatus (Peron and Lesueur, 1807)
Lasiorhinus krefftii (Owen, 1873)
Lasiorhinus latifrons (Owen, 1845)
Macropus agilis (Gould, 1841)
Macropus antilopinus (Gould, 1841)
Macropus bernardus W. Rothschild, 1904
Macropus dorsalis (Gray, 1837)
Macropus eugenii (Desmarest, 1817)
Macropus fuliginosus (Desmarest, 1817)
Macropus giganteus Shaw, 1790
Macropus greyi Waterhouse, 1846
Macropus irma (Jourdan, 1837)
Macropus parma Waterhouse, 1846
Macropus parryi Bennett, 1834
Macropus robustus Gould, 1840
Macropus rufogriseus (Desmarest, 1817)
Macropus rufus (Desmarest, 1822)
Onychogalea fraenata (Gould, 1840)
Onychogalea lunata (Gould, 1840)
Onychogalea unguifera (Gould, 1840)
Petauroides volans (Kerr, 1792)
Petaurus abidi Ziegler, 1981
Petaurus australis Shaw, 1791
Petaurus biacensis Ulmer, 1940
Petaurus breviceps Waterhouse, 1838
Petaurus gracilis (de Vis, 1883)
Petaurus norfolcensis (Kerr, 1792)
Petrogale assimilis Ramsay, 1877
Petrogale brachyotis (Gould, 1840)
Petrogale burbidgei Kitchener and Sanson, 1978
Petrogale coenensis Eldredge and Close, 1992
Petrogale concinna Gould, 1842
Petrogale godmani Thomas, 1923
Petrogale herberti Thomas, 1926
Petrogale inornata Gould, 1842
Petrogale lateralis Gould, 1842
Petrogale mareeba Eldredge and Close, 1992
Petrogale penicillata (Gray, 1827)
Petrogale persephone Maynes, 1982
Petrogale purpureicollis Le Souef, 1924
Petrogale rothschildi Thomas, 1904
Petrogale sharmani Eldredge and Close, 1992
Petrogale xanthopus Gray, 1854
Petropseudes dahli (Collett, 1895)
Phalanger alexandrae Flannery and Boeadi, 1995
Phalanger carmelitae Thomas, 1898
Phalanger gymnotis Peters and Doria, 1875
Phalanger intercastellanus Thomas, 1895
Phalanger lullulae Thomas, 1896
Phalanger matabiru Flannery and Boeadi, 1995
Phalanger matanim Flannery, 1987
Phalanger mimicus Thomas, 1922
Phalanger orientalis (Pallas, 1766)
Phalanger ornatus (Gray, 1860)
Phalanger rothschildi Thomas, 1898
Phalanger sericeus Thomas, 1907
Phalanger vestitus (Milne-Edwards, 1877)
Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss, 1817)
Potorous gilbertii (Gould, 1841)
Potorous longipes Seebeck and Johnston, 1980
Potorous platyops (Gould, 1844)
Potorous tridactylus (Kerr, 1792)
Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Boddaert, 1785)
Pseudochirops albertisii (Peters, 1874)
Pseudochirops archeri (Collett, 1884)
Pseudochirops corinnae (Thomas, 1897)
Pseudochirops coronatus (Thomas, 1897)
Pseudochirops cupreus (Thomas, 1897)
Pseudochirulus canescens (Waterhouse, 1846)
Pseudochirulus caroli (Thomas, 1921)
Pseudochirulus cinereus Tate, 1945
Pseudochirulus forbesi (Thomas, 1887)
Pseudochirulus herbertensis (Collett, 1884)
Pseudochirulus larvatus (Förster and Rothschild, 1911)
Pseudochirulus mayeri (Rothschild and Dollman, 1932)
Pseudochirulus schlegeli (Jentink, 1884)
Setonix brachyurus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830)
Spilocuscus kraemeri (Schwarz, 1910)
Spilocuscus maculatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)
Spilocuscus papuensis (Desmarest, 1822)
Spilocuscus rufoniger (Zimara, 1937)
Strigocuscus celebensis (Gray, 1858)
Strigocuscus pelengensis (Tate, 1945)
Tarsipes rostratus Gervais and Verreaux, 1842
Thylogale billardierii (Desmarest, 1822)
Thylogale browni (Ramsay, 1887)
Thylogale brunii (Schreber, 1778)
Thylogale calabyi Flannery, 1992
Thylogale lanatus (Thomas, 1922)
Thylogale stigmatica (Gould, 1860)
Thylogale thetis (Lesson, 1828)
Trichosurus arnhemensis Collett, 1897
Trichosurus caninus (Ogilby, 1835)
Trichosurus cunninghami Lindenmayer, Dubach and Viggers, 2002
Trichosurus johnstonii (Ramsay, 1888)
Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792)
Vombatus ursinus (Shaw, 1800)
Wallabia bicolor (Desmarest, 1804)
Wyulda squamicaudata Alexander, 1918

Podvrste

Ailurops ursinus flavissimus (Feiler, 1977)
Ailurops ursinus furvus (Miller and Hollister, 1922)
Ailurops ursinus togianus (Tate, 1945)
Ailurops ursinus ursinus (Temminck, 1824)
Cercartetus caudatus caudatus (Milne-Edwards, 1877)
Cercartetus caudatus macrurus (Mjöberg, 1916)
Cercartetus concinnus concinnus (Gould, 1845)
Cercartetus concinnus minor Wakefield, 1963
Cercartetus nanus nanus (Desmarest, 1818)
Cercartetus nanus unicolor (Krefft, 1863)
Dactylopsila trivirgata kataui Matschie, 1916
Dactylopsila trivirgata melampus Thomas, 1908
Dactylopsila trivirgata picata Thomas, 1908
Dactylopsila trivirgata trivirgata Gray, 1858
Dendrolagus dorianus dorianus Ramsay, 1883
Dendrolagus dorianus mayri Rothschild and Dollman, 1933
Dendrolagus dorianus notatus Matschie, 1916
Dendrolagus goodfellowi buergersi Matschie, 1912
Dendrolagus goodfellowi goodfellowi Thomas, 1908
Dendrolagus inustus finschi Matschie, 1916
Dendrolagus inustus inustus Müller, 1840
Dorcopsis luctuosa luctuosa (D'Albertis, 1874)
Dorcopsis luctuosa phyllis Groves and Flannery, 1989
Dorcopsis muelleri lorentzii Jentink, 1908
Dorcopsis muelleri muelleri (Lesson, 1827)
Dorcopsis muelleri mysoliae Thomas, 1913
Dorcopsis muelleri yapeni Groves and Flannery, 1989
Lagostrophus fasciatus baudinettei Helgen and Flannery, 2003
Lagostrophus fasciatus fasciatus (Peron and Lesueur, 1807)
Lasiorhinus krefftii barnardi Longman, 1939
Lasiorhinus krefftii gillespiei (DeVis, 1900)
Lasiorhinus krefftii krefftii (Owen, 1873)
Macropus agilis agilis (Gould, 1841)
Macropus agilis jardinii (De Vis, 1884)
Macropus agilis nigrescens Lönnber, 1913
Macropus agilis papuanus Peters and Doria, 1875
Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus (Desmarest, 1817)
Macropus fuliginosus melanops Gould, 1842
Macropus fuliginosus ocydromus Gould, 1842
Macropus giganteus giganteus Shaw, 1790
Macropus giganteus tasmaniensis Le Souef, 1923
Macropus robustus erubescens Sclater, 1870
Macropus robustus isabellinus (Gould, 1842)
Macropus robustus robustus Gould, 1840
Macropus robustus woodwardi Thomas, 1901
Macropus rufogriseus banksianus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)
Macropus rufogriseus fruticus Ogilby, 1838
Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus (Desmarest, 1817)
Petauroides volans minor (Collett, 1887)
Petauroides volans volans (Kerr, 1792)
Petaurus australis australis Shaw, 1791
Petaurus australis reginae Thomas, 1923
Petaurus breviceps ariel (Gould, 1842)
Petaurus breviceps breviceps Waterhouse, 1838
Petaurus breviceps longicaudatus Longman, 1924
Petaurus breviceps papuanus Thomas, 1888
Petrogale lateralis hacketti Thomas, 1905
Petrogale lateralis lateralis Gould, 1842
Petrogale lateralis pearsoni Thomas, 1922
Petrogale xanthopus celeris Le Souef, 1924
Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus Gray, 1854
Phalanger carmelitae carmelitae Thomas, 1898
Phalanger carmelitae coccygis Thomas, 1922
Phalanger gymnotis gymnotis Peters and Doria, 1875
Phalanger gymnotis leucippus Thomas, 1898
Phalanger mimicus mimicus Thomas, 1922
Phalanger mimicus peninsulae Tate, 1945
Phalanger orientalis breviceps (Thomas, 1888)
Phalanger orientalis orientalis (Pallas, 1766)
Phalanger sericeus occidentalis Menzies and Pernetta, 1986
Phalanger sericeus sericeus Thomas, 1907
Potorous tridactylus apicalis (Gould, 1851)
Potorous tridactylus tridactylus (Kerr, 1792)
Pseudocheirus peregrinus convolutor (Schinz, 1821)
Pseudocheirus peregrinus occidentalis (Thomas, 1888)
Pseudocheirus peregrinus peregrinus (Boddaert, 1785)
Pseudocheirus peregrinus pulcher (Matschie, 1915)
Pseudochirops albertisii albertisii (Peters, 1874)
Pseudochirops albertisii insularis Stein, 1933
Pseudochirops albertisii schultzei Matschie, 1915
Pseudochirops corinnae argenteus (Förster, 1913)
Pseudochirops corinnae corinnae (Thomas, 1897)
Pseudochirops corinnae fuscus (Laurie, 1952)
Pseudochirulus canescens avarus (Thomas, 1906)
Pseudochirulus canescens bernsteini (Schlegel, 1866)
Pseudochirulus canescens canescens (Waterhouse, 1846)
Pseudochirulus canescens dammermani (Thomas, 1922)
Pseudochirulus canescens gyrator (Thomas, 1904)
Pseudochirulus caroli caroli (Thomas, 1921)
Pseudochirulus caroli versteegi (Thomas, 1922)
Spilocuscus maculatus chrysorrhous (Temminck, 1824)
Spilocuscus maculatus goldiei (Ramsay, 1876)
Spilocuscus maculatus maculatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)
Spilocuscus maculatus nudicaudatus (Gould, 1850)
Strigocuscus celebensis celebensis (Gray, 1858)
Strigocuscus celebensis feileri (Groves, 1987)
Strigocuscus celebensis sangirensis Meyer, 1896
Strigocuscus pelengensis mendeni (Feiler, 1978)
Strigocuscus pelengensis pelengensis (Tate, 1945)
Thylogale stigmatica coxenii (Gray, 1866)
Thylogale stigmatica oriomo (Tate and Archbold, 1935)
Thylogale stigmatica stigmatica (Gould, 1860)
Thylogale stigmatica wilcoxi (McCoy, 1866)

Reference

^ Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D. M., ур. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (на језику: енглески) (3 изд.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. стр. 43—70. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
^ Meredith, Robert W.; Westerman, Michael; Springer, Mark S. (26. 2. 2009). „A phylogeny of Diprotodontia (Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 51: 554—571. PMID 19249373. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.02.009. Приступљено 5. 5. 2015.
^ „The Paleobiology Database”. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 03. 2012. г. Приступљено 27. 08. 2019.
^ Naish, Darren. „Of koalas and marsupial lions: the vombatiform radiation, part I”. Scientific American. Scientific American, Inc. Приступљено 24. 10. 2015.

Literatura

Kear, Benjamin P.; Cooke, Bernard N.; Archer, Michael; Flannery, Timothy F. (novembar 2007). „Implications of a new species of the Oligo-Miocene kangaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea) Nambaroo, from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland, Australia”. Journal of Paleontology. 81 (6): 1147—67. doi:10.1666/04-218.1.

Spoljašnje veze

The Taxonomicon Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (11. фебруар 2009)
Mikko Haaramo

[msw3-1] Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D. M., ур. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (на језику: енглески) (3 изд.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. стр. 43—70. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.

[2] Meredith, Robert W.; Westerman, Michael; Springer, Mark S. (26. 2. 2009). „A phylogeny of Diprotodontia (Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 51: 554—571. PMID 19249373. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.02.009. Приступљено 5. 5. 2015.

[paleo-3] „The Paleobiology Database”. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 03. 2012. г. Приступљено 27. 08. 2019.

[Scientific_American-4] Naish, Darren. „Of koalas and marsupial lions: the vombatiform radiation, part I”. Scientific American. Scientific American, Inc. Приступљено 24. 10. 2015.

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