Источни блок

Источни блок, ређе Комунистички блок или Совјетски блок, назив је који се користи за групу комунистичких држава која је у другој половини 20. века постојала у данашњој централној и источној Европи. Чинио га је Совјетски Савез и државе где су у неколико година након завршетка Другог светског рата успостављени социјалистички или просовјетски режими — Пољска, Чехословачка, Мађарска, Румунија, Бугарска те Немачка Демократска Република (настала од совјетске окупационе зоне у пораженој Немачкој).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Блоку су од почетка припадале и Југославија и Албанија, али су обе изашле из Источног блока - Југославија због раскола Тита са Стаљином 1948. године, а Албанија зато што се током кинеско-совјетског раскола определила за маоистичку НР Кину.

Блок је у формалном смислу био организован преко економске организације Савет за узајамну економску помоћ (СЕВ), успостављене 1949. године, те војне организације Варшавског пакта, успостављене 1955. године.

Престанак постојања

Блок је де факто престао да постоји након револуција 1989. године, када су у земљама источне Европе успостављени антисовјетски и антикомунистички режими, односно непосредно пред распад Совјетског Савеза 1991. године.

Проширено значење

Понекад се у Источни блок убрајају и неевропске земље које су током Хладног рата биле у чврстом политичком савезу, односно идеолошки блиске Совјетском Савезу, као што су Вијетнам, Куба, Јужни Јемен и Етиопија. За њих се понекад користи израз Други свет.

Види још

Референце

^ Loth, Wilfried, The Division of the World, 1941–1955, Routledge. 1988. ISBN 0-415-00365-2. стр. 297..
^ Haggett, Peter, Encyclopedia of World Geography, Marshall Cavendish. 2001. ISBN 0-7614-7289-4. стр. 1,850..
^ Rees, G. Wyn. International Politics in Europe: The New Agenda, Routledge. 1993. ISBN 0-415-08282-X. стр. 6..
^ Satyendra, Kush (2003), Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Political Science, Sarup & Sons, стр. 65, ISBN 978-81-7890-071-1, „"the countries of Eastern Europe under communism"”
^ Compare: Janzen, Jörg; Taraschewski, Thomas (2009). Shahshahānī, Suhaylā, ур. Cities of Pilgrimage. Iuaes-series. 4. Münster: LIT Verlag. стр. 190. ISBN 9783825816186. Архивирано из оригинала 5. 9. 2015. г. „Until 1990, despite being a formally independent state, Mongolia had de facto been an integral part of the Soviet-dominated Eastern Bloc.”

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