Jadransko more

Jadransko more
Sinje more
Satelitski snimak Jadranskog mora
Lokacija	Evropa
Tip	More
Pritoke	Adiđe, Bojana, Drim, Krka, Neretva, Po, Soča
Otoke	Jonsko more
Zemlje basena	Italija Slovenija Hrvatska Bosna i Hercegovina Crna Gora Albanija
Maks. dužina	800 km
Maks. širina	200 km
Površina	138.600 km2
Maks. dubina	1.330 m
Zapremina	35.000 km3
Salinitet	38—39‰
Dužina obale1	3.739,1 km
Vodena površina na Vikimedijinoj ostavi
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Jadransko more je vodena površina koja razdvaja Balkansko poluostrvo od Apeninskog poluostrva i Dinarske planine od Apeninskih planina. Jadransko more je najseverniji krak Sredozemnog mora, koji se prostire od Otrantskih vrata (gde se spaja sa Jonskim morem) do Padske nizije na severozapadu. Zemlje sa obalom na Jadranskom moru su Italija, Slovenija, Hrvatska, Bosna i Hercegovina, Crna Gora i Albanija. U moru se nalazi preko 1.300 ostrva, koja se uglavnom nalaze na istočnoj obali i pripadaju Hrvatskoj. Podeljena je u tri basena, severni je najplići a južni najdublji, sa najvećom dubinom od 1.233 metra. Otrantski prag, podvodni greben, nalazi se na granici između Jadranskog i Jonskog mora. Najčešće struje teku u smeru suprotnom od Otrantskih vrata, duž istočne obale i nazad do moreuza duž zapadne (italijanske) obale.

Ime i etimologija

Ime Jadranskog mora postoji još od antičkih vremena; na latinskom se zvalo Mare Hadriaticum. Na modernim jezicima, zove se i Mare Adriatico na italijanskom, Adriatisches Meer na nemačkom, Jadransko morje na slovenačkom, Jadransko more na srpskom i Deti Adriatik na albanskom. Ono najverovatnije potiče od ilirske reči adur koja označava vodu ili more.

Ime je dobilo po gradu Adriji (ili Hadria), i tako se zvao samo severni deo današnjeg Jadranskog mora, ali je vremenom ceo zaliv Sredozemlja dobio ime Jadransko more. U srednjem veku balkanski Sloveni su Jadransko more nazivali Sinje more. Spomenuto je u Djelima apostolskim, 5. knjizi Novog zavjeta, 27,27. iako je tada Adrijom, pored današnjeg Jadranskog mora, nazivan i deo Sredozemnog mora između Malte i Krita.

Tomo Skalica je u svojim putopisima zapisao: …razapevši jadra zajedrismo… i …uzvučena su na našem brodu jadra…, a Mijat Stojanović je zapisao: …uvukav jadro na veslih…nerazvivši jadro veslajuć…

Nastanak Jadranskog mora

U prošlosti Jadransko more je predstavljalo relikt nekadašnjeg praokeana Tetisa. U tercijaru dolazi do prve veće transgresije kada voda plavi prostor od Soče do Albanije. U oligocenu se more povlači do spoljašnje linije današnjih ostrva, a reke produžuju svoje tokove. Na severozapadu voda prekriva dolinu Poa, a na jugoistoku zalazi u Albaniju. Tokom miocena i pliocena Jadransko more se postepeno širi ka istoku i Dinaridima. Za vreme pleistocena obala se više puta povlačila i širila, a reke su skraćivale i produživale tokove. U postglacijalnom periodu dolazi do otopljavanja, tektonskih pokreta i klima postaje vlažnija, što je uticalo na to da more potopi niže delove kopna. Istaknutiji delovi su ostali na površini, između su se formirali kanali i moreuzi, a na kraju se konačno obrazovao i današnji Jadranski arhipelag. Svake godine more se širi na račun kopna za 2,5 milimetara, odnosno za jedan metar u periodu od 400 godina.

Geografija Jadranskog mora

Položaj i veličina

mapa Jadranskog mora

More se pruža od Tršćanskog zaliva do Otrantskih vrata pravcem severozapad-jugoistok na dužini od 783 km. Na severu dopire do 45° 47' sgš, duboko zadirući u kopno Evrope. Prosečna širina mora je oko 87-210 km, a Otrantskog moreuza 72-100 km.

Mnoštvo ostrva na severnoj i istočnoj obali Jadranskog mora smanjuje širinu otvorenog mora u tom delu na oko 145 km. Totalna površina mora je 138.595 km², a dužina obale 7847 km.

Morfologija dna basena

Dubina Jadrana u Tršćanskom zalivu iznosi 23 metra i to je najmanja izmerena dubina. Do linije Pula-Ankona dubine ne prelaze 50 metara, što je posledica akumulacije materijala alpskih reka. Ka jugoistoku do linije Biograd-Padeco dubine se kreću do 70-100 metara. Odatle sledi Jabučka potolina koja se prostire pravcem Žirje-ušće Peskare i tu je najniža tačka na 277 metara. Ovime se završava severni plići deo Jadranskog basena. Od Jabučke potoline ka jugoistoku dno se postepeno izdiže u Palagrušku prečagu sa dubinama od 130-170 metara. Na njoj su se u vidu luka izigla usamljena ostrva Lastovo, Palagruža, Pijanoza i Tremiti. Dalje ka jugoistoku sledi Južnojadranska kotlina dugačka 300 km i široka oko 85 km. Ovde je izmerena najveća dubina Jadrana — 1330 metara, na oko 80 km jugozapadno od Herceg-Novog. Od kotline se dno postepeno izdiže sve do 741 metra na liniji Valona-Otranto, gde se nalaze Otrantska vrata i Jadran prelazi u Jonsko more. Prosečna dubina basena je oko 240 metara.

Fizičke osobine vode

Jadransko more se ubraja u topla i plava sredozemna mora. Leti temperatura iznosi od 23 do 27 °C pa i više. Voda je najtoplija u avgustu. Providnost je najveća iznad najdubljih delova i iznosi do 56m.

Klima

Gradove koji se nalaze na Jadranskom moru karakterišu dva izrazito različita klimatska tipa a samim tim i različite vremenske prilike. Severni deo Jadrana (Tršćanski zaliv sa okolinom, Istra) dobija velike količine padavina tokom cele godine, što je posledica češćeg prolaska ciklona i hladnih frontova. Sa druge strane, južni deo Jadranskog mora (bliži Otrantskim vratima i ostatku Mediterana) karakteriše više sunčanih dana i ređa pojava padavina. Međutim, zbog viših temperatura, veći je rizik od pojave vremenskih nepogoda.

Države sa izlazom na Jadransko more

• Zapadna obala:
  • Italija
• Istočna obala:
  • Slovenija
  • Hrvatska
  • Bosna i Hercegovina*
  • Crna Gora
  • Albanija

* Bez izlaza na otvoreno more.

Granični sporovi na Jadranskom moru

Grad Dubrovnik

1. Granica u Piranskom zalivu (spor između Hrvatske i Slovenije). Pitanje izlaska Slovenije u međunarodne vode.
2. Granica u Neumskom zalivu (spor između Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine). Pitanje neumske luke, izgradnje mosta-obilaznice preko zaliva na teritoriji Hrvatske, moguće blokade luke (lučko slepo crevo).

3. 

   Jadransko more - Hrvatska

   Granica na Prevlaci (spor između Crne Gore i Hrvatske). Pitanje kontrole Rta Oštro (Prevlake) i kontrole ulaska u Bokokotorski zaliv. Spor rešen međunarodnom arbitražom i demilitarizacijom zone Prevlake između tadašnje SR Jugoslavije i Hrvatske.

Vidi još

• Spisak ostrva Jadranskog mora
• Sredozemno more

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Spoljašnje veze

• Satelitski snimci i mape Jadranskog mora od GeaBios GIS Public Service
• Vremenska prognoza za istočnu obalu od GeaBios GIS Public Service
• „Region 5 – Western Africa, Mediterranean, Black Sea Nautical Charts”.  from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
• „Nautical Chart 54131 (Adriatic Sea)”.  from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
• the seashore of our posterity – video recording of Albanian, Croatian, and Montenegrin coasts